ACCU DYNE TEST ™ Bibliography
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1857. Davies, J., C.S. Nunnerley, A.C. Brisley, R.F. Sunderland, et al, “Argon plasma treatment of polystyrene microtiter wells: Chemical and physical characterisation by contact angle, ToF-SIMS, XPS and STM,” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 174, 287-295, (Dec 2000).
2023. Luner, P.E., and E. Oh, “Characterization of the surface free energy of cellulose ether films,” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 181, 31-48, (Jun 2001).
2290. Della Volpe, C., D. Maniglio, M. Morra, and S. Siboni, “The determination of a 'stable-equilibrium' contact angle on heterogeneous and rough surfaces,” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 206, 47-67, (Jul 2002).
2291. Gotoh, K., Y. Nakata, M. Tagawa, and M. Tagawa, “Wettability of ultraviolet excimer-exposed PE, PI, and PTFE films determined by the contact angle measurements,” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 224, 165-173, (Aug 2003).
2565. Zhang, S., F. Awaja, N. James, D.R. McKenzie, and A.J. Ruys, “Autohesion of plasma treated semi-crystalline PEEK: Comparative study of argon, nitrogen, and oxygen treatments,” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 374, 88-95, (Jan 2011).
Semi-crystalline polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is of interest for providing hermetic sealing of implantable medical devices. Self bonding or autohesion is achieved by mild temperature and pressure treatment and is potentially useful to form joints in the encapsulation of active medical implants. The surfaces of PEEK films were treated in a radio-frequency (RF) plasma containing one of the gases Ar, N2 and O2, to achieve surface activation. The bond strength developed over the interface of PEEK films was evaluated by lap-shear testing. The effects of plasma conditions on the surface morphology, composition, and properties were determined using the profilometer, contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results obtained show that plasma treatment of the PEEK films enhances their bonding strength, with the Ar treated films exhibiting the highest bond strength and nitrogen the lowest. Bond strength was shown to correlate positively with total oxygen content, with C–O group concentration and with the polar component of surface energy. Bond strength correlated negatively with CO group concentration.
2786. Jarnstrom, J., B. Grandqvist, M. Jarn, C.-M. Tag, and J.B. Rosenholm, “Alternative methods to evaluate the surface energy components of ink-jet paper,” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 294, 46-55, (2007).
The surface free energy is an essential paper property affecting liquid/ink interaction with the ink-jet paper surface. Different ways of calculating surface energy components for ink-jet papers is introduced. The results given by the very useful van Oss–Chaudhury–Good (vOCG) bi-bidentate model are compared with simpler mono-bidentate and mono-monodentate models. The unbalance in the acid–base (AB) values of the vOCG-model is compensated for, and occasional negative roots obtained are removed when applying the simpler mono-bidentate- and mono-monodentate models. The simple and elegant mono-monodentate model produces comparable values with the other models, and is thus recommended. The calculated percent work of adhesion between the probe liquids and substrates correlates well with surface energy component values. Also the percent work of adhesion between the inks and substrates correlates with surface energy values.
2892. Decker, E.L., B. Frank, Y. Suo, and S. Garoff, “Physics of contact angle measurement,” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 156, 177-189, (Oct 1999).
3014. Kusano, Y., and R. Kusano, “Critical assessment of the correlation between surface tension components and Hansen solubility parameters,” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 677, Part B, (Nov 2023).
Surface or interfacial phenomena, including wetting, adsorption, adhesion, and dissolution, are of significant interest for daily life as well as for industrial and engineering applications. Surface tension and the Hansen solubility parameter (HSP) both represent similar physical characteristics related to these phenomena. It is therefore interesting to study the relation between them, and in the present work, reported empirical relations between surface tension and HSP are critically investigated. There exists an approximately proportional relation between total surface tension and HSP, although the coefficient obtained in the present work is much smaller than the commonly reported ones. The result is supported by an estimation of the coefficient using a simple physical model. On the other hand, finding correlations between the partial components of surface tension and HSP appears to be difficult as they are measured differently. The uses of databases from which measurements are taken must also be taken into question. As an example, the surface tension components of diiodomethane are investigated, and the validity of the reported values are called into question.
2087. Murakami, T.N., Y. Fukushima, Y. Hirano, Y. Tokuoka, M. Takahashi, N. Kawashima, “Surface modification of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) by active oxygen treatment,” Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 29, 171-179, (Jun 2003).
2957. Aydemir, C., B.N. Altay, and M. Akyol, “Surface analysis of polymer films for wettability and ink adhesion,” Color Research and Application, 46, 489-499, (Apr 2021).
The interaction between inks and substrates is critical during printing. Adhesion of the ink film is determined by the reciprocal interactions of polar and nonpolar (dispersive) components between polymer films and inks. The greater the similarity between the polar and dispersive components of inks, coating and substrates, the better the wetting and adhesion on the surface of printing substrate. Various liquid materials in printing such as inks, varnishes, lacquers, and adhesives contain high ratios of water. The highly polar nature of water makes the interaction of these materials unsuitable with predominantly disperse polymer surfaces. Some films with polyolefin structure, especially polypropylene, and polyethylene, are nonpolar and cannot form strong bonds with ink, varnish, or lacquer coatings due to their chemical structure. Increasing surface energy components overcomes the poor wetting and adhesion on polymer surfaces. In this review, the topics of water contact angle measurement and determination of surface energy, surface tension, and using sessile drop method for the wettability and ink adhesion of polymer films are surveyed. Information on structural and chemical processes was given that assists in obtaining wettable film surfaces. Recommendations were made for good adhesion and printability based on surface treatment methods and ink modification.
469. Gutowski, W.S., “Novel surface treatment process for enhanced adhesion of ultra-high modulus PE fibres to epoxy resins,” Composite Interfaces, 1, 141-151, (1993).
1035. Sako, N., T. Matsuoka, and K. Sakaguchi, “Effect of interface on fracture mechanism of GF/PP composites using O2 plasma treatment,” Composite Interfaces, 4, 401-415, (1997).
1014. Moon, S.I., and J. Jang, “Effect of the oxygen plasma treatment of UHMWPE fibre on the transverse properties of UHMWPE-fibre/vinyl ester composites,” Composites Science & Technology, 59, 487-493, (Mar 1999).
992. Tissington, B., G. Pollard, and I.M. Ward, “Study of the effects of oxygen plasma treatment on the adhesion behaviour of polyethylene fibres,” Composites Science and Technology, 44, 185-195, (1992).
1716. no author cited, “Laboratory uniformity program protocol for dyne level test,” Consolidated Thermoplastics, 1993.
628. Comyn, J., “Keynote overview on surface treatment for adhesive bonding,” Construction and Building Materials, 2, 210-215, (Dec 1988).
2101. Schroder, K., A. Meyer-Plath, D. Keller, W. Besch, G. Babucke, and A. Ohi, “Plasma-induced surface functionalization of polymeric biomaterials in ammonia plasma,” Contributions to Plasma Physics, 41, 562-572, (2001).
570. Sherman, P.B., “Corona treatment - label presses,” Converter, 24, 6-7, (Feb 1987).
2175. Wolf, R.A., and A.C. Sparavigna, “Measuring surface features I: Surface tension analysis,” Converter: Flessibili, Carta, Cartone, 77, 60-68, (2009).
2176. Wolf, R.A., and A.C. Sparavigna, “Measuring surface features II: Electrons for chemical analysis,” Converter: Flessibili, Carta, Cartone, 78, 100-108, (2009).
2177. Wolf, R.A., and A.C. Sparavigna, “Hidden problems in surface treatments II: Ground rolls,” Converter: Flessibili, Carta, Cartone, 71, 156-163, (2008).
2178. Wolf, R.A., and A.C. Sparavigna, “Hidden problems in surface treatments I: Pinholing,” Converter: Flessibili, Carta, Cartone, 70, 96-104, (2008).
2179. Wolf, R.A., and A.C. Sparavigna, “Modifying the surface features I: Extruded films,” Converter: Flessibili, Carta, Cartone, 64, 22-30, (2007).
2180. Sparavigna, A.C., and R.A. Wolf, “Energy curing substrates and inks with plasma aid,” Converter: Flessibili, Carta, Cartone, 59, 76-84, (2006).
2182. Wolf, R.A., and A.C. Sparavigna, “Plasma revolution in flexible package printing,” Converter: Flessibili, Carta, Cartone, 57, 14-26, (2005).
2976. Wolf, R.A., A.C. Sparavigna, and R. Ellwanger, “Modifying the surface features IV: Clear barrier films,” Converter: Flessibili, Carta, Cartone, 67, 72-85, (2007).
29. Blitshteyn, M., and R. Wetterman, “Testing for surface energy,” Converting, 11, 44-46, (Dec 1993).
49. Caimi, R.J., L.K. Derr, T.J. Dunn, and D. Ruff, “Precision of the surface energy test,” Converting, 10, 62-64, (Jun 1992).
123. Gengler, P., “The role of dielectrics in corona treating,” Converting, 8, 62-66, (Jun 1990).
249. Mount, E.M. III, “Plasma pretreatment for metalizing packaging film,” Converting, 19, 124-131, (Mar 2001).
276. Opad, J.S., “Choosing the correct dielectric in corona treating,” Converting, 17, 88-90, (Dec 1999).
289. Podhajny, R.M., “Corona treating and press speed,” Converting, 6, 76, (Dec 1988).
290. Podhajny, R.M., “Surface tension and ink,” Converting, 7, 142, (Apr 1989).
291. Podhajny, R.M., “Comparing surface treatments,” Converting, 8, 46-52, (Nov 1990).
293. Podhajny, R.M., “Surface treating: how and how much,” Converting, 12, 36-42, (Dec 1994).
343. Smith, R.E., “Testing the surface tension of substrates,” Converting, 8, 82, (Feb 1990).
346. Spaulding, M., “Ozone-destruct units clear the air,” Converting, 15, 56-58, (Jun 1997).
351. Stobbe, B.D., “How to achieve consistency in corona treating,” Converting, 16, 66-68, (Apr 1998).
369. Utschig, S., “Why is corona treating necessary in the flexo process?,” Converting, 20, 28, (Aug 2002).
422. Bezigian, T., “Why corona treating works,” Converting, 9, 12, (Jan 1991).
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