ACCU DYNE TEST ™ Bibliography
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857. Zhanxun, C., C. Jie, and W. Zhizhong, “ESCA characterization of plasma-polymerized tetrafluoroethylene,” in Advances in Low-Temperature Plasma Chemistry, Technology, Applications, Boenig, H.V., ph.d, ed., 265-274, Technomic, 1988.
896. Tomasino, C., J.J. Cuomo, and C.B. Smith, “Plasma treatments of textiles,” in The Fifth Annual International Conference on Textile Coating and Laminating, W.C. Smith, ed., Technomic, Nov 1995.
1714. Markgraf, D.A., Surface Treatment of Plastics: Technology and Applications, Technomic, 1996.
646. Lunkenheimer, K., “Problems involved in the practical performance of surface tension measurement of surfactant solutions by using the ring tensiometer,” Tenside Surfactants Detergents, 19, 272+, (May 1982).
1632. Dai, L., and D. Xu, “Polyethylene surface enhancement by corona and chemical co-treatment,” Tetrahedron Letters, 60, 1005-1010, (Apr 2019).
Corona and chemical treatment worked cooperatively for increasing and stabilizing the polyethylene film surface energy. Gentle and varied corona discharge treatment conditions were applied for each polyethylene film to reach 40 dynes/cm. A rather low blending amount of additive could stabilize the film surface energy obviously. Compared with neat PE film, of which the surface energy decreased to 36 dynes/cm at the 12th day, films blended with 1000 ppm A7-OH or PE-PEG 4k -PE showed stable surface energy (36–38 dynes/cm) over 150 days. The influence of industrial applied slipping agent was investigated as well. Morphological and chemical changes were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The surface energy was determined by the dyne pens. Mechanism investigation of hydrophilization and hydrophobic recovery processes showed that proper crystallization behavior and enough C[dbnd]O groups on the film surface guarantee satisfactory stability of the surface energy.
190. Kawese, T., M. Uchita, T. Fujii, and M. Minagawa, “Acrylic acid grafted polyester surface: surface free energies, FT-IR (ATR), and ESCA characterization,” Textile Research J., 61, 146-152, (1991).
377. Ward, T.L., and R.R. Benerito, “Testing based on wettability to differentiate washed and unwashed cotton fibers,” Textile Research J., 55, 40-45, (Jan 1985).
1481. Ghali, K., B. Jones, and J. Tracy, “Experimental techniques for measuring parameters describing wetting and wicking in fabrics,” Textile Research J., 64, 106-111, (1994).
2028. Hautojarvi, J., and S. Laaksonen, “On-line surface modification of polypropylene fibers by corona treatment during melt-spinning,” Textile Research J., 70, 391-396, (2000).
2781. Grindstaff, T.H., “A simple apparatus and technique for contact angle measurements on small-denier single fibers,” Textile Research J., 39, 958+, (1969).
2039. Saito, M., and A. Yabe, “Dispersion and polar force components of surface tension of some polymer films,” Textile Research Journal, 53, 54-59, (1983).
2183. Wolf, R.A., and A.C. Sparavigna, “The plasma advantage,” Textile World, 155, 49-51, (2005).
1154. Brown, P.F., “The role of surface chemistry in the bonding of a cellulose substrate treated in a corona discharge (PhD dissertation),” The Institute of Paper Chemistry, 1971.
906. no author cited, “A recommended practice for evaluating the flame surface treatment of polyolefin bottles using the water dip and ink adhesion tests,” in Technical Bulletins, Rev. 2, The Plastic Bottle Institute, 1990.
1382. Shenton, M.J., and G.C. Stevens, “Investigating the effect of the thermal component of atmospheric plasmas on commodity polymers,” Thermochimica Acta, 332, 151-160, (Jul 1999).
413. Andre, V., F. Arefi, et al, “In-situ metallisation of PP films pretreated in a nitrogen or ammonia low-pressure plasma,” Thin Solid Films, 181, 451-460, (Dec 1989).
435. Chang, C.-A., “Interface interactions relevant to packaging techology,” Thin Solid Films, 166, 97, (1988).
686. Silvain, J.F., and J.J. Ehrhardt, “An overview on metal/PET adhesion,” Thin Solid Films, 236, 230-235, (1993).
1847. Cho, J.S., S. Han, K.H. Kim, Y.W. Beag, and S.K. Koh, “Surface modification of polymers by ion-assisted reaction,” Thin Solid Films, 445, 332-341, (Dec 2003).
2501. Bardos, L., and H. Barankova, “Cold atmosphere plasma: Sources, processes, and applications,” Thin Solid Films, 518, 6705-6713, (Sep 2010).
Atmospheric pressure gas discharge plasmas, especially those operated at energy non-equilibrium and low gas temperatures, have recently become a subject of great interest for a wide variety of technologies including surface treatment and thin-film deposition. A driving force for these developments is the avoidance of expensive equipment required for competing vacuum-based plasma technologies. Although there are many applications where non-equilibrium (cold) plasma at atmospheric and higher pressures represents a substantial advantage, there are also a number of applications where low-pressure plasmas simply cannot be replaced due to specific properties and limitations of the atmospheric plasma and related equipment. In this critical review, the primary principles and characteristics of the cold atmospheric plasma and differences from vacuum-based plasma processes are described and discussed to provide a better understanding of the capabilities and limits of emerging atmospheric plasma technologies.
2972. Chung, Y.M., M.J. Jung, J.G. Han, M.W. Lee, and Y.M. Kim, “Atmospheric RF plasma effects on the film adhesion property,” Thin Solid Films, 447-448, 354-358, (Jan 2004).
Commercial polymers in thin film form were used for modification by atmospheric RF plasma. The influence of the plasma treatments using Ar and Ar+O2 on surface energy, morphology and chemical structure of the films was investigated. It was revealed that both modifications caused surface activation of the polymer film, but they obeyed different mechanisms enhancing polymer wettability. First, surface graphitization due to argon sputtering caused hydrogen to free the surface and then reacts with oxygen in the air. Second, surface oxidation is connected with the functional group formation. The reactions of Ti with the polymer led to the simultaneous formation of TiCl2, TiC, Ti-oxide and they contributed to film adhesion. In comparison with Ar, the mixed Ar+O2 RF plasma treatment was a more timesaving process and had more influences on surface activation and film adhesion.
1719. no author cited, “Surface free energy of ABS plastic,” Top Analytica Ltd., 0.
1174. Gregory, B.H., Extrusion Coating: A Process Manual, Trafford Publishing, May 2005.
925. Deacon, R.F., “Wetting and the mixing of surface phases,” Transactions of the Faraday Society, 53, 1014-1019, (1957).
1652. Good, R.J., “The role of wetting and spreading in adhesion,” in Aspects of Adhesion, Alner, D.J., and K.W. Allen, eds., 182-301, Transcripta Books, 1973.
1351. Murokh, I.Y., “In-Line Plasma Treatment of Wire Insulation Materials,” Tri-Star Technologies, 2005.
2815. Lv, M., L. Wang, J. Liu, F. Kong, A. Ling, T. Wang, and Q. Wang, “Surface energy, hardness, and tribological properties of carbon-fiber/polytetrafluoroethylene composites modified by proton irradiation,” Tribology Intl., 132, 237-243, (Apr 2019).
The carbon fibers (CFs) reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites have been modified using proton irradiation, and the surface energy, hardness and tribological properties have been investigated before and after irradiation. The CFs increased the hardness and the wear resistance. Proton irradiation led to defluorination and carbonization of the CF/PTFE composite surface, and decreased the surface wettability and the surface energy. The irradiation depth was 820 nm from the material surface calculated with SRIM software package. In addition, the wear resistance was improved after proton irradiation. Proton irradiation improved the wear resistance of the composite and induced the material transfer from Cu alloy surface to CF/PTFE. These significant improvements could enable potential applications in aeronautics and smart medical materials.
2776. Shafrin, E.G., and W.A. Zisman, “Upper limits for the contact angles of liquids and solids (NRL Report 5985),” U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Sep 1963.
1171. Brynolf, R., “Method and apparatus, with redundancies, for treating substrate plastic parts to accept paint without using adhesion promoters,” U.S. Patent #6716484, Nov 2002.
2304. Rothacker, F.N., “Apparatus for the treatment of plastic materials,” U.S. Patent 2802085, Aug 1957.
2343. Potter, V.G., and R.F. Pierce, “Apparatus for and method of treating plastic,” U.S. Patent 2810933, Oct 1957.
2344. Berthold, G.H., and A.S. Mancib, “Method of treating polyethylene sheet material,” U.S. Patent 2859480, Nov 1958.
2310. Kaghan, W.S., and D.F. Stoneback, “Electrical discharge treatment of polyethylene,” U.S. Patent 2859481, Nov 1958.
2306. Rothacker, F.N., “Method and apparatus for the treatment of plastic materials,” U.S. Patent 2864755, Dec 1958.
2345. Berthold, G.H., A.S. Mancib, and M.B. Karelitz, “Apparatus for treating plastic materials,” U.S. Patent 2881470, Apr 1959.
2346. Flonsky, S., “Treatment of surfaces of polyethylene resins,” U.S. Patent 2923964, Feb 1960.
2302. Berthold, G.H., “Method for treating preformed polyethylene with an electrical glow discharge,” U.S. Patent 2935418, May 1960.
2303. Parks, G.J., “Method and apparatus for treating plastic materials,” U.S. Patent 2939956, Jun 1960.
2311. Dewey, B., “Method and apparatus for treating surfaces,” U.S. Patent 3017339, Jan 1962.
2313. Pajfey, A.J., “Electrical treatment of polyethylene,” U.S. Patent 3111471, Nov 1963.
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