ACCU DYNE TEST ™ Bibliography
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253. Nakayama, Y., T. Takahagi, F. Soeda, K. Hataga, et al, “XPS analysis of NH3 plasma-treated polystyrene films utilizing gas phase chemical modification,” J. Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 26, 559-572, (1988).
356. Strobel, M., S. Corn, C.S. Lyons, and G.A. Korba, “Surface modification of polypropylene with CF4, CF3H, CF3Cl, and CF3Br plasmas,” J. Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 23, 1125-1135, (1985).
357. Strobel, M., P.A. Thomas, and C.S. Lyons, “Plasma fluorination of polystyrene,” J. Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 25, 3343-3348, (Dec 1987).
374. Vargo, T.G., D.J. Hook, J.A. Gardella Jr., M.A. Eberhardt, A.E. Meyer, and R. Baier, “A multitechnique surface analytical study of a segmented block copolymer poly(ether-urethane) modified through an H2O radio frequency glow discharge,” J. Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 29, 535, (1991).
396. Yasuda, H.K., H.C. Marsh, S. Brandt, and C.N. Reilly, “ESCA study of polymer surfaces treated by plasma,” J. Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 15, 991-1019, (1977).
419. Bergbreiter, D.E., N. White, and J. Zhou, “Modification of polyolefin surfaces with iron cluster oxidants,” J. Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 30, 389-396, (1992).
441. Clark, D.T., and A. Dilks, “ESCA applied to polymers, XV. RF glow-discharge modification of polymers, studied by means of ESCA in terms of a direct and radiative energy-transfer model,” J. Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 15, 2321-2345, (1977).
442. Clark, D.T., and A. Dilks, “ESCA applied to polymers, XVIII. RF glow discharge modification of polymers in helium, neon, argon, and krypton,” J. Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 16, 911-936, (1978).
1273. Foerch, R., N.S. McIntyre, and D.H. Hunter, “Oxidation of polyethylene surfaces by remote plasma discharge: A comparison study with alternative oxidation methods,” J. Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 28, 193-204, (Jan 1990).
1832. Strobel, M., S. Corn, C.S. Lyons, and G.A. Korba, “Plasma fluorination of polyolefins,” J. Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 25, 1295-1307, (1987).
2074. K. Kato, V.N. Vasilets, M.N. Fursa, M. Meguro, Y. Ikada, and K. Nakamae, “Surface oxidation of cellulose fibers by vacuum ultraviolet irradiation,” J. Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 37, 357-361, (1999).
2099. Shenton, M.J., G.C. Stevens, N.P. Wright, and X. Duan, “Chemical-surface modification of polymers using atmospheric pressure nonequilibrium plasmas and comparisons with vacuum plasmas,” J. Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 40, 95-109, (Jan 2002).
2045. Levine, M., G. Ilkka, and P. Weiss, “Relation of the critical surface tension of polymers to adhesion,” J. Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Letters, 2, 915-919, (1964).
182. Kaelble, D.H., and E.H. Cirlin, “Dispersion and polar contributions to surface tension of poly(methylene oxide) and Na-treated polytetrafluoroethylene,” J. Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 9, 363-368, (1971).
320. Schonhorn, H., and F.W. Ryan, “Effects of morphology in the surface region of polymers on adhesion and adhesive joint strength,” J. Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 6, 231-240, (1968).
323. Schonhorn, H., and F.W. Ryan, “Effect of polymer surface morphology on adhesion and adhesive joint strength, II. FEP Teflon and nylon 6,” J. Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 7, 105-111, (1969).
397. Yasuda, H.K., A.K. Sharma, and T. Yasuda, “Effect of orientation and mobility of polymer molecules at surfaces on contact angle and its hysteresis,” J. Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 19, 1285-1291, (1981).
399. Yasuda, T., T. Okuno, K. Yoshida, and H.K. Yasuda, “A study of surface dynamics of polymers, II. Investigation by plasma surface implantation of fluorine-containing moieties,” J. Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 26, 1781-1794, (1988).
432. Cai, G., M.H. Litt, and I.M. Krieger, “Surface properties and abhesion of undecyl oxazoline block and homopolymers,” J. Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 29, 773-784, (1991).
604. Yasuda, T., K. Yoshida, T. Okuno, and H.K. Yasuda, “A study of surface dynamics of polymers, III. Surface dynamic stabilization by plasma polymerization,” J. Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 26, 2061-2074, (1988).
816. Sanchis, R.M., O. Calvo, L. Sanchez, D. Garcia, and R. Balart, “Enhancement of wettability in low density polyethylene films using low pressure glow discharge N2 plasma,” J. Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 45, 2390-2399, (2007).
Low pressure glow discharge nitrogen plasma has been used to improve wettability in a low density polyethylene (LDPE) film for technical applications. The plasma treatment was carried out at a power of 300 W for different exposure times in the 1–20 min range. Wettability changes were analyzed using contact angle measurements. In addition to this, plasma-treated samples were subjected to an aging process to determine the durability of the plasma treatment. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used for surface characterization. The nitrogen plasma treatment considerably reduced contact angle values thus indicating an increase in surface wettability. The spectroscopic study showed presence of oxygen-based species on the plasma-treated samples, which are mainly generated after the plasma treatment as a consequence of air exposure. These polar species contribute to improve surface functionalization, but this is almost lost during aging due to the hydrophobic recovery process. Microscopic studies revealed that also small changes in surface roughness occurred during the plasma treatment but these are very low compared to surface activation. The results confirmed that low pressure nitrogen can be considered as an environmentally efficient process to improve wettability in low density polyethylene films. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2390–2399, 2007
1283. Zheng, Z., X. Wang, M. Shi, and G. Zhou, “Surface modification of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene fibers,” J. Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 42, 463-472, (Feb 2004).
To prevent the loss of fiber strength, ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers were treated with an ultraviolet radiation technique combined with a corona-discharge treatment. The physical and chemical changes in the fiber surface were examined with scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared/attenuated total reflectance. The gel contents of the fibers were measured by a standard device. The mechanical properties of the treated fibers and the interfacial adhesion properties of UHMWPE-fiber-reinforced vinyl ester resin composites were investigated with tensile testing. After 20 min or so of ultraviolet radiation based on 6-kW corona treatment, the T-peel strength of the treated UHMWPE-fiber composite was one to two times greater than that of the as-received UHMWPE-fiber composite, whereas the tensile strength of the treated UHMWPE fibers was still up to 3.5 GPa. The integrated mechanical properties of the treated UHMWPE fibers were also optimum. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 463–472, 2004
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/polb.10727
1320. Kwok, D.Y., A. Li, and A.W. Neumann, “Low-rate dynamic contact angles on poly(methyl methacrylate/ethyl methacrylate, 30/70) and the determination of solid surface tensions,” J. Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 37, 2039-2051, (1999).
1840. Schonhorn, H., and L.H. Sharpe, “Surface tension of molten polypropylene,” J. Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 3, 235-237, (1965).
2498. Aouinti, M., A. Gibaud, D. Chateigner, and F. Poncin-Epaillard, “Morphology of polypropylene films treated in CO2 plasma,” J. Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 42, 2007-2013, (May 2004).
One of the most important claims for the plasma technique as a surface treatment is that it modifies only a few atomic layers of materials. However, with polymers, this assumption must be carefully verified to keep the bulk mechanical properties constant. Besides the oxidation of the film, with specific plasma conditions such as high power and duration, the polypropylene film structure is also modified in the bulk through vacuum ultraviolet absorption and thermal relaxation. This change is associated with smectic- and amorphous-phase transformation into an α-monoclinic phase, with a rapid rate for the smectic transformation and a slower rate for the amorphous transformation. At the same time, the crystallite size increases, and the polypropylene film texture is planar and moderated (1.7 mrd at the maximum of the distribution, with a discharge power of 100 W and a treatment duration of 10 min). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2007–2013, 2004
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/polb.20071
2516. Inagaki, N., K. Narushima, N. Tuchida, and K. Miyazaki, “Surface characterization of plasma-modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) film surfaces,” J. Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 42, 3727-3740, (Oct 2004).
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film surfaces were modified by argon (Ar), oxygen (O2), hydrogen (H2), nitrogen (N2), and ammonia (NH3) plasmas, and the plasma-modified PET surfaces were investigated with scanning probe microscopy, contact-angle measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to characterize the surfaces. The exposure of the PET film surfaces to the plasmas led to the etching process on the surfaces and to changes in the topography of the surfaces. The etching rate and surface roughness were closely related to what kind of plasma was used and how high the radio frequency (RF) power was that was input into the plasmas. The etching rate was in the order of O2 plasma > H2 plasma > N2 plasma > Ar plasma > NH3 plasma, and the surface roughness was in the order of NH3 plasma > N2 plasma > H2 plasma > Ar plasma > O2 plasma. Heavy etching reactions did not always lead to large increases in the surface roughness. The plasmas also led to changes in the surface properties of the PET surfaces from hydrophobic to hydrophilic; and the contact angle of water on the surfaces decreased. Modification reactions occurring on the PET surfaces depended on what plasma had been used for the modification. The O2, Ar, H2, and N2 plasmas modified mainly CH2 or phenyl rings rather than ester groups in the PET polymer chains to form C
O groups. On the other hand, the NH3 plasma modified ester groups to form CO groups. Aging effects of the plasma-modified PET film surfaces continued as long as 15 days after the modification was finished. The aging effects were related to the movement of C
O groups in ester residues toward the topmost layer and to the movement of CO groups away from the topmost layer. Such movement of the CO groups could occur within at least 3 nm from the surface. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 3727–3740, 2004
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/polb.20234
2427. Kim, C.Y., G. Suranyi, and D.A.I. Goring, “Corona induced bonding of synthetic polymers to cellulose,” J. Polymer Science Part C: Polymer Symposia, 30, 533-542, (1970).
1818. Pittman, A.G., D.L. Sharp, and B.A. Ludwig, “Polymers derived from fluoroketones II: Wetting properties of fluoroalkyl acrylates and methacrylates,” J. Polymer Science, Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry, 6, 1729-1740, (1968).
1849. Clark, D.T., and A. Dilks, “ESCA applied to polymers, XXIII: RF glow discharge modification of polymers in pure oxygen and helium-oxygen mixtures,” J. Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 17, 957-976, (1979).
155. Hansen, R.H., and H. Schonhorn, “A new technique for preparing low surface energy polymers for adhesive bonding,” J. Polymer Science, Polymer Letters Edition, 4, 203-209, (1966).
2428. Courval, G.J., D.G. Gray, and D.A.I. Goring, “Chemical modification of polyethylene surfaces in a nitrogen corona,” J. Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition, 14, 231-235, (Apr 1976).
1692. Strom, G., “The importance of surface energetics and dynamic wetting in offset printing,” J. Pulp and Paper Science, 19, J79, (1993).
2783. Aspler, J.S., S. Davis, and M.B. Lyne, “The surface chemistry of paper in relation to dynamic wetting and sorption of water and lithographic fountain soutions,” J. Pulp and Paper Science, 13, 355-360, (1987).
1341. Padday, J.F., “Apparatus for measuring the spreading coefficient of a liquid, on a solid surface,” J. Scientific Instrumentation, 36, (1959).
2737. Mukhopadhyay, S., and R. Fangueiro, “Physical modification of natural fibers and thermoplastic films for composites - a review,” J. Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 22, 135-162, (Mar 2009).
The article throws light on the physical methods to modify natural fibers to be used in composites. Physical methods in natural fiber processing are used to separate natural fiber bundles into individual filaments and to modify the surface structure of the fibers so as to improve the use of natural fibers in composites. Steam explosion and thermomechanical processes fall in the first category while plasma, dielectric barrier techniques and corona fall in the second. The physical treatments have also been used to modify the thermoplastic polymeric films like polyethylene and polypropylene in a bid to impart reactivity. Reviewing such developments, the areas for further research are suggested.
31. Bodo, P., and J.-E. Sundgren, “Adhesion of evaporated titanium to polyethylene: effects of ion bombardment pretreatment,” J. Vacuum Science and Technology, A2, 1498-1502, (1984).
234. Matienzo, L.J., F. Emmi, F.D. Egitto, et al, “Surface composition and distribution of fluorine in plasma-fluorinated polyimide,” J. Vacuum Science and Technology, A6, 950-953, (1988).
466. Grant, J.L., D.S. Dunn, and D.J. McClure, “Argon and oxygen sputter etching of polystyrene, polypropylene, and poly(ethylene terephthalate) thin films,” J. Vacuum Science and Technology, A6, 2213-2220, (1988).
567. Sengupta, K.S., and H.K. Birnbaum, “Structural and chemical effects of low-energy ion bombardment of PMMA-ODA surfaces,” J. Vacuum Science and Technology, A9, 2928-2935, (1991).
1309. Callen, B.W., M.L. Ridge, S. Lahooti, A.W. Neumann, and R.N.S. Sodhi, “Remote plasma and UV-ozone modification of polystyrene,” J. Vacuum Science and Technology, A13, 2023-2029, (1995).
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