ACCU DYNE TEST ™ Bibliography
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120. Gardon, J.L., “Relationship between cohesive energy densities of polymers and Zisman's critical surface tensions (notes),” J. Physical Chemistry, 67, 1935-1936, (1963).
134. Girifalco, L.A., and R.J. Good, “A theory for the estimation of surface and interfacial energies, I. Derivation and application to interfacial tension,” J. Physical Chemistry, 61, 904-909, (1957).
139. Good, R.J., and L.A. Girifalco, “A theory for the estimation of surface and interfacial energies, III. Estimation of surface energies of solids from contact angle data,” J. Physical Chemistry, 64, 561-565, (1960).
280. Padday, J.F., and N.D. Uffindell, “The calculation of cohesive and adhesive energies from intermolecular forces at a surface,” J. Physical Chemistry, 72, 1407-1413, (1968).
281. Padday, J.F., and N.D. Uffindell, “Reply to comments of F.M. Fowkes on 'The calculation of cohesive and adhesive energies',” J. Physical Chemistry, 72, 3700-3701, (1968).
329. Shafrin, E.G., and W.A. Zisman, “Constitutive relations in the wetting of low energy surfaces and the theory of the retraction method of preparing monolayers,” J. Physical Chemistry, 64, 519-524, (1960).
384. Wenzel, R.N., “Surface roughness and contact angle (letter),” J. Physical Chemistry, 53, 1466-1467, (1949).
390. Wu, S., “Estimation of the critical surface tension for polymers from molecular constitution by a modified Hildebrand-Scott equation (notes),” J. Physical Chemistry, 72, 3332-3334, (1968).
391. Wu, S., “Surface and interfacial tensions of polymer melts, II. Poly(methylmethacrylate), poly(n-butyl methacrylate), and polystyrene,” J. Physical Chemistry, 74, 632-638, (1970).
552. Rosseinsky, R., “Surface tension and internal pressure: A simple model,” J. Physical Chemistry, 81, 1578, (1977).
1647. Good, R.J., “Surface entropy and surface orientation of polar liquids,” J. Physical Chemistry, 61, 810-812, (1957).
1649. Good, R.J., L.A. Girifalco, and G. Kraus, “A theory for the estimation of surface and interfacial energies, II: Application to surface thermodynamics of teflon and graphite,” J. Physical Chemistry, 62, 1418-1422, (1958).
1780. Bernett, M.K., and W.A. Zisman, “Wetting properties of polyhexafluoropropylene,” J. Physical Chemistry, 65, 2266-2267, (1961).
1788. Ellison, A.H., and W.A. Zisman, “Wettability studies of nylon, polyethylene terephthalate and polystyrene,” J. Physical Chemistry, 58, 503-506, (1954).
1790. Ellison, A.H., and W.A. Zisman, “Wettability of halogenated organic solid surfaces,” J. Physical Chemistry, 58, 260-265, (1954).
1792. Dettre, R.H., and R.E. Johnson, Jr., “Concerning the surface tension, critical surface tension, and temperature coefficient of surface tension of poly(tetrafluoroethylene),” J. Physical Chemistry, 71, 1529-1531, (Apr 1967).
1821. Ray, B.R., J.R. Anderson, and J.J. Scholz, “Wetting of polymer surfaces I: Contact angles of liquids on starch, amylose, amylopectin, cellulose, and polyvinyl alcohol,” J. Physical Chemistry, 62, 1220-1227, (1958).
1835. Schonhorn, H., “Dependence of contact angles on temperature: Polar liquids vs. polypropylene,” J. Physical Chemistry, 70, 4086-4087, (Dec 1966).
1836. Schonhorn, H., and F.W. Ryan, “Wettability of polyethylene single crystal aggregates,” J. Physical Chemistry, 70, 3811-3815, (Dec 1966).
1838. Roe, R.-J., “Surface tension of polymer liquids,” J. Physical Chemistry, 72, 2013-2017, (Jun 1968).
1839. Roe, R.-J., “Parachor and surface tension of amorphous polymers (letter),” J. Physical Chemistry, 69, 2809-2810, (1965).
1916. Scholberg, H.M., R.A. Guenther, and R.I. Coon, “Surface chemistry of fluorocarbons and their derivatives,” J. Physical Chemistry, 57, 923-925, (1953).
1917. Ellison, A.H., H.W. Fox, and W.A. Zisman, “Wetting of fluorinated solids by hydrogen-bonding liquids,” J. Physical Chemistry, 57, 622-627, (1953).
2030. Bernett, M.K., and W.A. Zisman, “Wetting properties of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoroethylene copolymers,” J. Physical Chemistry, 64, 1292-1294, (1960).
2301. Johnson, R.E. Jr., and R.H. Dettre, “Contact angle hysteresis III: Study of an idealized heterogeneous surface,” J. Physical Chemistry, 68, 1744-1750, (Jul 1964).
2321. Bernett, M.K., and W.A. Zisman, “Wetting of low energy solids by aqueous solutions of highly fluorinated acids and salts,” J. Physical Chemistry, 63, 1911-1916, (1959).
2771. Olsen, D.A., and A.J. Osteraas, “The critical surface tension of glass,” J. Physical Chemistry, 68, 2730-2732, (1964).
2773. Shafrin, E.G., and W.A. Zisman, “Critical surface tension for spreading on a liquid substrate,” J. Physical Chemistry, 71, 1309-1316, (1967).
2889. Mark, G.L., and D.A. Lee, “The determination of contact angles from measurements of the dimensions of small bubbles and drops II. The sessile drop method for obtuse angles,” J. Physical Chemistry, 40, 169-176, (1935).
2901. Xiu, Y., L. Zhu, D.W. Hess, and C.P. Wong, “Relationship between work of adhesion and contact angle hysteresis on superhydrophobic surfaces,” J. Physical Chemistry, 112, 11403-11407, (Jul 2008).
Low contact angle hysteresis is an important characteristic of superhydrophobic surfaces for nonstick applications involving the exposure of these surfaces to water or dust particles. In this article, a relationship is derived between the surface work of adhesion and the dynamic contact angle hysteresis, and the resulting predictions are compared with experimental data. Superhydrophobic surfaces with different contact angles and contact angle hysteresis were prepared by generating silicon pillars with varying pillar size and pitch. Surfaces were subsequently treated with fluoroalkyl silanes to modify further the hydrophobicity. The three-phase contact line established for such systems was related to the Laplace pressure needed to maintain a stable superhydrophobic state.
1256. Tajima, S., and K. Komvopoulos, “Surface modification of low-density polyethylene by inductively coupled argon plasma,” J. Physical Chemistry B, 109, 17623-17629, (Aug 2005).
The surface chemistry and nanotopography of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) were modified by downstream, inductively coupled, radio frequency (rf) Ar plasma without inducing surface damage. The extent of surface modification was controlled by the applied ion energy fluence, determined from the plasma ion density measured with a Langmuir probe. The treated LDPE surfaces were characterized by atomic force microscope (AFM) imaging, contact angle measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Analysis of AFM surface images confirmed that topography changes occurred at the nanoscale and that surface damage was insignificant. Contact angle measurements demonstrated an enhancement of the surface hydrophilicity with the increase of the plasma power. XPS results showed surface chemistry changes involving the development of different carbon-oxygen functionalities that increased the surface hydrophilicity. Physical and chemical surface modification was achieved under conditions conducive to high-density inductively coupled rf plasma.
1783. Ada, E.T., O. Kornienko, and L. Hanley, “Chemical modification of polystyrene surfaces by low-energy polyatomic ion beams,” J. Physical Chemistry B, 102, 3959-3966, (Apr 1998).
2891. Samuel, B., H. Zhao, and K.-Y. Law, “Study of wetting and adhesion interactions between water and various polymer and superhydrophobic surfaces,” J. Physical Chemistry C, 115, 14852-14861, (Jun 2011).
The wetting and adhesion characteristics of 20 different surfaces have been studied systematically by both static water contact angle (θ) and dynamic contact angle measurement techniques: sliding angle (α) and advancing (θA) and receding (θR) contact angles. These surfaces cover surfaces of all traits, from smooth and flat to rough and artificially textured. Fourteen of the surfaces are flat, and they range from molded plastic sheets to solution coated polymer films to chemical vapor deposition polymerized polymer films and to self-assembled monolayers on Si wafers. The rest of the surfaces include 4 fluorosilane coated textured Si wafer surfaces and two natural surfaces derived from the front and back side of the rose petal. Static water contact angle data suggest that these surfaces vary from hydrophilic with θ at ∼71° to superhydrophobic with θ exceeding 150°. Plots of θ of these surfaces versus α, (cos θR – cos θA), and the contact angle hysteresis (θA – θR) all yield scattered plots, indicating that there is little correlation between θ and α, (cos θR – cos θA) and (θA – θR). Since the later three parameters have been mentioned to relate to adhesion semiempirically between a liquid droplet and the contacting surface, the present work demonstrates with generality that contact angle indeed does not relate to adhesion. This is consistent with a known but not well recognized fact in the literature. In this work, we study both the wetting and adhesion forces between water and these 20 surfaces on a microelectromechanical balance (tensiometer). When the water drop first touches the surface, the attractive force during this wetting step was measured as the “snap-in” force. The adhesion force between the water drop and the surface was measured as the “pull-off” force when the water drop separates (retracts) from the surface. The snap-in force is shown to decrease monotonously as θA decreases and becomes zero when θA is >150°. The very good correlation is not unexpected due to the similarity between the wetting and the “snap-in” process. The analysis of the pull-off force data is slightly more complicated, and we found that the quality of the water–surface separation depends on the surface “adhesion”. For surfaces that show strong adhesion with water, there is always a small drop of water left behind after the water droplet is pulled off from the surface. Despite this complication, we plot the pull-off force versus α, (cos θR – cos θA) and (θA – θR), and found very little correlation. On the other hand, the pull-off force is found to correlate well to the receding contact angle θR. Specifically, pull-off force decreases monotonically as θR increases, suggesting that θR is a good measure of surface adhesion. Very interestingly, we also observe a qualitative correlation between θR and the quality of the pull-off. The pull-off was found to be clean, free of water residue after pull-off, when θR is >∼90° and vice versa. The implications of this work toward surface contact angle measurements and print surface design are discussed.
2885. Pease, D.C., “The significance of the contact angle in relation to the solid surface,” J. Physical Chemisty, 49, 107-110, (1945).
198. Kogoma, M., H. Kasai, and K. Takahashi, “Wettability control of a plastic surface by CF4-O2 plasma and its etching effect,” J. Physics, 20, 147-149, (Jan 1987).
251. Murray, M.D., and B.W. Darvell, “A protocol for contact angle measurement,” J. Physics, 23, 1150-1155, (1990).
1040. Shenton, M.J., M.C. Lovell-Hoare, and G.C. Stevens, “Adhesion enhancement of polymer surfaces by atmospheric plasma treatment,” J. Physics D: Applied Physics, 34, 2754-2760, (Sep 2001).
1203. Chen, Q., “Negative charge corona charge stability in plasma treated polytetrafluoroethylene teflon films,” J. Physics D: Applied Physics, 37, 715-720, (Mar 2004).
In recent work, we found that the stability of the negative corona charge in radio frequency plasma treated polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films (18 µm thickness) strongly depends on the plasma sources, the exposure time and the condition of the film in the plasma, i.e. the film orientation on the holder and whether the film is one-sided metallized or non-metallized, as well as the film side for corona charged. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we conclude that two factors affect the negative charge stability: oxide formed on the surface and positive charges trapped in the film. The oxides serve to retain the negative corona charges and the plasma-generated positive charges recombine with the negative corona charges and cause the corona charge discharge after heating.
1210. Dorai, R., and M.J. Kushner, “A model for plasma modification of polypropylene using atmospheric pressure discharges,” J. Physics D: Applied Physics, 36, 666-685, (2003).
1215. Heitz, C., “A generalized model for partial discharge processes based on a stochastic process approach,” J. Physics D: Applied Physics, 32, 1012-1023, (1999).
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