ACCU DYNE TEST ™ Bibliography
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2377. Tietje, A., “Corona discharge device,” U.S. Patent 4556795, Dec 1985.
2790. Tietje, A., “Fifteen years of ozone treatment in extrusion coating,” in 1987 Polymers, Laminations and Coatings Conference Proceedings, 221-224, TAPPI Press, Aug 1987.
1739. Timerghazin, Q.K., S.L. Khursan, and V.V. Shereshovets, “Theoretical study of the reaction between ozone and the C-H bond: Gas-phase reactions of hydrocarbons with ozone,” J. Molecular Structure, 489, 87-93, (1999).
365. Timmons, C.A., and W.A. Zisman, “The effect of liquid structure on contact angle hysteresis,” J. Colloid and Interface Science, 22, 165-171, (1966).
1942. Tingey, K., K. Sibrell, K. Dobaj, K. Caldwell, M. Fafard, and H.P. Schreiber, “Surface restructuring of polyurethanes and its control by plasma treatment,” J. Adhesion, 60, 27-38, (Jan 1997).
366. Tirrell, M., “Polymer surface forces,” Physics Today, 40, 65-66, (Jan 1987).
992. Tissington, B., G. Pollard, and I.M. Ward, “Study of the effects of oxygen plasma treatment on the adhesion behaviour of polyethylene fibres,” Composites Science and Technology, 44, 185-195, (1992).
999. Tod, D.A., and P.D. Wylie, “Surface pretreatments for hypalon,” in Adhesion '99, 375-379, Institute of Materials, 1999.
1609. Tolinski, M., “Energetic surface treatments: advanced methods increase surface energy and properties,” Plastics Engineering, 63, 46-47, (Oct 2007).
896. Tomasino, C., J.J. Cuomo, and C.B. Smith, “Plasma treatments of textiles,” in The Fifth Annual International Conference on Textile Coating and Laminating, W.C. Smith, ed., Technomic, Nov 1995.
1884. Toussaint, A.F., and P. Luner, “The wetting properties of grafted cellulose films,” J. Adhesion Science and Technology, 7, 635-548, (1993).
1842. Toyama, M., A. Watanabe, and T. Ito, “Surface wettability of alkyl methacrylate polymers and copolymers (letter),” J. Colloid and Interface Science, 47, 802-803, (1974).
823. Toyama, M., T. Ito, H. Nukatsuka, and M. Ikeda, “Studies on tack of pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes: On the relationship between pressure-sensitive adhesion and surface energy of adherents,” J. Applied Polymer Science, 17, 3495-3502, (Nov 1973).
2003. Toyama, M., and T. Ito, “Studies on surface wettability of stereoscopic poly(methacrylic acid esters),” J. Colloid and Interface Science, 49, 139-142, (Oct 1974).
2998. Trantidou, T., T. Prodromakis, and C. Toumazou, “Oxygen plasma induced hydrophilicity of parylene-C thin films,” Applied Surface Science, 261, 43-51, (Nov 2012).
This paper investigates the surface modification of Parylene-C thin films under various oxygen plasma treatment conditions, such as power intensity (50:400 W) and exposure time (1:20 min). The extent of hydrophilicity was investigated through contact angle measurements, and correlations between treatment parameters, film thickness, restoration of hydrophobicity and etching rates were experimentally established. We also demonstrate the selective modification of Parylene-C films, facilitating distinct hydrophilic and hydrophobic areas with μm-resolution that can be exploited in self-alignment applications.
563. Tretinnikov, O.N., and Y. Ikada, “Dynamic wetting and contact angle hysteresis of polymer surfaces studied with the modified Wilhelmy balance method,” Langmuir, 10, 1806-1814, (May 1994).
727. Tricot, Y.-M., “Surfactants: static and dynamic surface tension,” in Liquid Film Coating: Scientific Principles and Their Technological Implications, Kistler, S.F., and P.M. Schweizer, eds., 99-136, Chapman & Hall, Jan 1997.
367. Triolo, P.M., and J.D. Andrade, “Surface modification and characterization of commonly used catheter materials,” J. Biomedical Materials Research, 17, 129-147, (1983).
2529. Truica-Marasescu, F., P. Jedrzejowski, and M.R. Wertheimer, “Hydrophobic recovery of vacuum ultraviolet irradiated polyolefin surfaces,” Plasma Processes and Polymers, 1, 153-163, (Sep 2004).
Film samples of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and biaxially oriented poly(propylene) (BOPP) were surface modified by vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation using a Kr resonant lamp at λ = 123.6 nm in low-pressure ammonia gas, and were then stored in air. The time-dependence of the surface properties was monitored using several complementary surface-sensitive techniques such as contact angle goniometry (CAG), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS), which allows one to determine the surface energy, and chemical composition at different depths. The relative importance of four possible mechanisms involved in surface hydrophobic recovery is discussed, and we show that in our particular case the main mechanism is rotational and/or translational motion of polymer chains and chain segments. This restructuring determines the observed “loss” of functional groups, which occurs within the first few monolayers of the surface (∼1 nm), as shown by the ToF-SIMS results, and which leads to the observed decrease in the surface energy. In the deeper surface regions (∼10 nm) long-lived radicals react with oxygen and water vapor upon exposure to the atmosphere, leading to an increase in the concentration of bound oxygen, as observed by XPS. Finally, CAG measurements show that the hydrophobic recovery is reversible and can be significantly reduced by cross-linking near the surface, as illustrated by depth sensing nano-indentation measurements on BOPP surfaces.
584. Tsai, P.P.-Y., G.-W. Qin, and L.C. Wadsworth, “Theory and techniques of electrostatic charging of melt-blown nonwoven webs,” TAPPI J., 81, 274-278, (Jan 1998).
1680. Tsai, P.P.-Y., L. Wadsworth, P.D. Spence, and J.R. Roth, “Surface modifications of nonwoven webs using one atmosphere glow discharge plasma to improve web wettability and other textile properties,” in Proceedings of the 4th Annual TANDEC Conference on Meltblowing and Spunbonding Technology, TANDEC, Nov 1994.
863. Tserepi, A., J. Derouard, N. Sadeghi, and J.P. Booth, “Kinetics of radicals in fluorocarbon plasmas for treatment of polymers,” in Plasma Processing of Polymers (NATO Science Series E: Applied Sciences, Vol. 346), d'Agostino, R., P. Favia, and F. Fracassi, eds., 129-148, Kluwer Academic, Nov 1997.
1122. Tserepi, A., P. Bayiati, E. Gogolides, K. Misiakos, and C. Cardinaud, “Deposition of fluorocarbon films on Al and SiO2 surfaces in high-density fluorocarbon plasmas:Selectivity and surface wettability,” in Plasma Processes and Polymers, d'Agostino, R., P. Favia, C. Oehr, and M.R. Wertheimer, eds., 51-64, Wiley-VCH, 2005.
2047. Tsuchida, M., and Z. Osawa, “Effect of ageing atmospheres on the changes in surface free energies of oxygen plasma-treated polyethylene films,” Colloid and Polymer Science, 272, 770-776, (Jul 1994).
1384. Tsuchiya, Y., K. Akutu, and A. Iwata, “Surface modification of polymeric materials by atmospheric plasma treatment,” Progress in Organic Coatings, 34, 100-107, (Jul 1997).
368. Tsutsui, K., A. Iwata, and S. Ikeda, “Plasma surface treatment of polypropylene-containing plastics,” J. Coatings Technology, 61, 65-72, (Sep 1989).
2579. Tuominen, M., “Adhesion in LDPE coated paperboard (Lic. thesis),” Tampere University of Technology, 2007.
2712. Tuominen, M., H. Teisala, M. Aromaa, M. Stepien, J.M. Makela, J.J. Saarinen, M. Toivakka, and J. Kuusipalo, “Creation of superhydrophilic surfaces of paper and board,” J. Adhesion Science and Technology, 28, 864-879, (2014).
Corona, flame, atmospheric plasma, and liquid flame spray (LFS) techniques were used to create highly hydrophilic surfaces for pigment-coated paper and board and machine-glossed paper. All the surface modification techniques were performed continuously in ambient atmosphere. The physical changes on the surfaces were characterized by field emission gun-scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), atomic force microscopy and Parker Print-Surf surface roughness. The chemical changes were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The superhydrophilic surfaces, i.e. contact angle of water (CAW) <10°, were created mainly by modifying the surface chemistry of the paper and board by argon plasma or SiO2 coating. The nano- and microscale roughness existing on paper and board surfaces enabled the creation of the superhydrophilic surfaces. Furthermore, the benefits and limitations of the surface modification techniques are discussed and compared. For example, the SiO2 coating maintained its extreme hydrophilicity for at least six months, whereas the CAW of argon plasma-treated surface increased to about 20° already in one day.
2251. Tuominen, M., J. Lahti, J. Lavonen, T. Penttinen, J.P. Rasanen, J. Kuusipalo, “The influence of flame, corona, and atmospheric plasma treatments on surface properties and digital print quality of extrusion coated paper,” J. Adhesion Science and Technology, 24, 471-492, (2010).
Polymer and paper structures have been successfully utilized in several fields, especially in the packaging industry. Together with barrier properties, printability is an important property in packaging applications. From the point of view of printing, the dense and impervious structure of extrusion coatings is challenging. Flame, corona and atmospheric plasma treatments were used to modify the surface of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polypropylene (PP) and the influence of these surface modifications on print quality, i.e., toner adhesion and visual quality was studied. The traditional surface treatment methods, i.e., flame and corona treatments, increased the surface energy by introducing oxygen containing functional groups on the surfaces of LDPE and PP more than helium and argon plasma treatments. Only in the case of flame treatment, the higher surface energy and oxidation level led to better print quality, i.e., toner adhesion and visual quality, than the plasma treatments. The morphological changes observed on LDPE surface after flame treatment are partly responsible for the improved print quality. Atmospheric plasma treatments improved the print quality of LDPE and PP surfaces more than corona treatment. The electret phenomenon observed on LDPE and PP surfaces only after corona treatment is the most likely reason for the high print mottling and low visual quality of corona treated surface.
2066. Tuominen, M., J. Lahti, and J. Kuusipalo, “Atmospheric plasma treatment equipment and its utilisation in paper converting,” in 2008 Advanced Coating Fundamentals Symposium Proceedings, TAPPI Press, 2008.
2431. Tuominen, M., J. Lahti, and J. Kuusipalo, “Effects of flame and corona treatment on extrusion coated paper properties,” TAPPI J., 10, 29-36, (Oct 2011).
2494. Tuominen, M., J. Lavonen, H. Teisala, M. Stepien, and J. Kuusipalo, “Atmospheric plasma treatment in extrusion coating, part 1: Surface wetting and LDPE adhesion to paper,” in Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment of Polymers, Thomas, M., and K.L. Mittal, eds., 329-354, Scrivener, 2003.
2495. Tuominen, M., J. Lavonen, J. Lahti, and J. Kuusipalo, “Atmospheric plasma treatment in extrusion coating, part 2: Surface modification of LDPE and PP coated papers,” in Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment of Polymers, Thomas, M., and K.L. Mittal, 355-382, Scrivener, 2013.
1661. Tuominen, M., and J. Kuusipalo, “The effects of flame treatment on clay coated paperboard in extrusion coating,” in 2005 European PLACE Conference Proceedings, TAPPI Press, 2005.
1385. Tusek, L., M. Nitschke, C. Werner, K. Stana-Kleinschek, V. Ribitsch, “Surface characterization of NH3 plasma treated polyamide 6 foils,” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 195, 81-95, (Dec 2001).
1127. Tyczkowski, J., I. Krawczyk, and B. Wozniak, “Plasma-surface modification of styrene-butadiene elastomers for improved adhesion,” in Plasma Processes and Polymers, d'Agostino, R., P. Favia, C. Oehr, and M.R. Wertheimer, eds., 233-252, Wiley-VCH, 2005.
1639. Tyczkowski, J., J. Zielinski, A. Kopa, I. Krawczyk, and B. Wozniak, “Comparison between non-equilibrium atmospheric-pressure and low-pressure plasma treatments of poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene),” Plasma Processes and Polymers, 6, S419-S424, (Jun 2009).
Low-pressure plasma generated in a typical parallel plate reactor and atmospheric pressure plasma produced by a plasma needle were utilized to modify the surface of poly(styrene–butadiene–styrene) (SBS) elastomers. An RF discharge (13.56 MHz) in helium was used in the both cases. The SBS surfaces were investigated by T-peel tests, contact-angle measurements, and IRS–FTIR spectroscopy. It has been found that such plasma treatments drastically improve the strength of adhesive-bonded joints between the SBS surfaces and polyurethane adhesives, however, the plasma needle operation has turned out to be more effective. The molecular processes proceeding on the SBS surfaces have been briefly discussed.
1703. Tyner, D.W., “Evaluation of repellant finishes applied by atmospheric plasma,” North Carolina State Univ., 2007.
674. Tyomkin, I., “Determination of contact angles in different size pores in a porous material,” in Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion, Vol. 2, Mittal, K.L., ed., 165-176, VSP, Sep 2002.
2386. Uchiyama, H., S. Okazaki, and M. Kogoma, “Atmospheric pressure plasma surface treatment process,” U.S. Patent 5124173, Jun 1992.
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