ACCU DYNE TEST ™ Bibliography
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2597. Bishop, C.A., “Barrier polymers: Using Hansen Solubility Parameters fo rank barrier polymers,” http://www.convertingquarterly.com/blogs/vacuum-web-coating/id/7083/, Jul 2014.
2599. Bishop, C.A., “Coating adhesion - To stick or not to stick? That is the question.,” http://www.convertingquarterly.com/blogs/vacuum-web-coating/id/6972/, Jul 2014.
2618. Bishop, C.A., “Vacuum verbiage: How do nucleation, surface wetting affect thin-film crystal characteristics?,” Converting Quarterly, 5, 18-19, (Aug 2015).
2624. Bishop, C.A., “A problem of metal transfer,” http://www.convertingquarterly.com/vacuum-web-coating/a-problem-of-metal..., Feb 2016.
2645. Bishop, C.A., “Plasma treatment - inside knowledge,” http://www.convertingquarterly.com/vacuum-web-coating/plasma-treatement-inside..., Jul 2016.
1935. Bismarck, A., D. Richter, C. Wuertz, M.E. Kumru, B. Song, and J. Springer, “Adhesion: Comparison between physico-chemical expected and measured adhesion of oxygen-plasma-treated carbon fibers and polycarbonate,” J. Adhesion, 73, 19-42, (May 2000).
845. Bismarck, A., M.E. Kumru, and J. Springer, “Characterization of several polymer surfaces by streaming potential and wetting measurements: Some reflections on acid-base interactions,” J. Colloid and Interface Science, 217, 377-387, (Sep 1999).
2503. Bismarck, A., W. Brostow, R. Chiu, H.E.H. Lobland, and K.K.C. Ho, “Effects of surface plasma treatment on tribology of thermoplastic polymers,” Polymer Engineering & Science, 48, 1971-1976, (Oct 2008).
We have subjected polycarbonate (PC), low density polyethylene (LDPE), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), and Hytrel® (HY, a thermoplastic elastomer) to atmospheric pressure oxygen plasma treatment for varying amounts of time. Effects of the treatment have been evaluated in terms of the water wetting angle, dynamic friction, scratch resistance, and sliding wear. Although PS, PP, and HY do not undergo significant tribological changes as a result of the interaction with plasma, PC and LDPE show more pronounced and useful effects, such as a lowering of dynamic friction in PC and wear reduction in LDPE. These results can be explained in terms of the changes in chemical structures and increase of hydrophilicity. Based on the effects of oxygen plasma treatment on PC and LDPE, these two polymers have been subjected to longer oxygen plasma treatments and to argon, nitrogen, and air plasmas. Resulting effects on friction and scratch resistance are compared to determine the mechanisms responsible for the various surface behaviors. Chemical surface modification—as represented by changing contact angles—contributes to the tribological responses. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
2486. Bismarck, A., and J. Springer, “Wettability of materials: Plasma treatment effects,” in Encyclopedia of Surface and Colloid Science, Somasundaran, P., ed., 6592, CRC Press, 2006.
2705. Blackman, B.R.K., and F.J. Guild, “Forced air plasma treatment for enhanced adhesion of polypropylene and polyethylene,” J. Adhesion Science and Technology, 27, 2714-2726, (2013).
This paper describes our investigation of the effects of forced air plasma treatment on polypropylene and polyethylene. The morphology of the treated surfaces has been carefully examined using a variety of tools including optical profiling. The complex surface morphology was observed to change with increasing treatment and varying intensity of the treatment over the surface. Optimum treatment conditions have been deduced using surface energy determinations and can be compared with the morphological changes. Determinations of surface energy, both the polar and non-polar components, have been made after exposure to varying moisture conditions for varying times. Different results are obtained for different environments and from different materials. These results demonstrate that forced air plasma treatment is a highly effective means of increasing the surface energy of polymers, which can be long-lasting, provided the treated surfaces are kept in dry conditions.
24. Blais, P., D.J. Carlsson, G.W. Csullog, and D.M. Wiles, “The chromic acid etching of polyolefin surfaces, and adhesive bonding,” J. Colloid and Interface Science, 47, 636-649, (1974).
23. Blais, P., D.J. Carlsson, and D.M. Wiles, “Effects of corona treatment on composite formation.Adhesion between incompatible polymers,” J. Applied Polymer Science, 15, 129+, (1971).
26. Blake, T.D., “Dynamic contact angles and wetting kinetics,” in Wettability, Berg, J.C., ed., 251-310, Marcel Dekker, Apr 1993.
1505. Blake, T.D., “The physics of moving wetting lines - a personal view,” Presented at ISCST 13th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium, Sep 2006.
2676. Blake, T.D., “An introduction to wetting and its relevance to coating,” Converting Quarterly, 7, (Jan 2017).
1101. Blake, T.D., R.A. Dobson, and K.J. Ruschak, “Wetting at high capillary numbers,” Presented at 12th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium, Sep 2004.
25. Blake, T.D., and K.J. Ruschak, “A maximum speed of wetting,” Nature, 282, 489-490, (1979).
726. Blake, T.D., and K.J. Ruschak, “Wetting: static and dynamic contact lines,” in Liquid Film Coating: Scientific Principles and Their Technological Implications, Kistler, S.F., and P.M. Schweizer, eds., 63-98, Chapman & Hall, Jan 1997.
28. Blitshteyn, M., “Overview of technologies for surface treatment of polymers for automotive applications,” in International Congress and Exposition, Detroit, MI, Mar 1-5, 1993, Society of Automotive Engineers, Mar 1993.
30. Blitshteyn, M., “Wetting tension measurements on corona-treated polymer films,” in 1994 Polymers, Laminations and Coatings Conference Proceedings, 189-195, TAPPI Press, Aug 1994 (also in TAPPI J., V. 78, p. 138-143, Mar 1995).
424. Blitshteyn, M., “Surface treatment of polyolefin parts with electrical discharge,” in Decorating Div. ANTEC, Society of Plastics Engineers, 1995.
1078. Blitshteyn, M., B.C. McCarthy, and T.E. Sapielak, “Electrical surface treatment improves adhesive bonding,” Adhesives Age, 37, 20-23, (Dec 1994).
27. Blitshteyn, M., and R. Wetterman, “Surface treatment of polyolefins,” Modern Plastics, 67, 424, (Oct 1990).
29. Blitshteyn, M., and R. Wetterman, “Testing for surface energy,” Converting, 11, 44-46, (Dec 1993).
1061. Blokhuis, E.M., “Liquid drops at surfaces,” in Surface and Interfacial Tension: Measurement, Theory, and Applications, Hartland, S., ed., 149-194, Marcel Dekker, 2004.
2409. Blose,F., and K. Dippmann, “Corona station for the preliminary processing of a strip material,” U.S. Patent 6320157, Nov 2001.
425. Blythe, A.R., D. Briggs, C.R. Kendall, D.G. Rance, and V.J. Zichy, “Surface modification of polyethylene by electrical discharge and the mechanism of autoadhesion,” Polymer, 19, 1273+, (Nov 1978).
1720. Bodine, J., “Overtreatment of PET: Fact or fiction,” in AIMCAL 2008 Fall Technical Conference, AIMCAL, Oct 2008.
2569. Bodine, J., “Over-treatment of PET - fact or fiction (part 1): A study of the following variables: watt density, corona dwell time, film selection, dyne level and water soak bond strength,” in 2008 PLACE Conference Proceedings, 794-801, TAPPI Press, Sep 2008.
1032. Bodio, F., N. Compiegne, L. Kohler, J.J. Pireauz, and R. Cuadano, “Tailoring the SiOx-polypropylene interface through plasma pretreatment: A test case for the acid-base concept,” in 20th Annual Anniversary Meeting, 41-44, Adhesion Society, 1997.
31. Bodo, P., and J.-E. Sundgren, “Adhesion of evaporated titanium to polyethylene: effects of ion bombardment pretreatment,” J. Vacuum Science and Technology, A2, 1498-1502, (1984).
32. Bodo, P., and J.-E. Sundgren, “Adhesion of evaporated titanium films to ion-bombarded polyethylene,” J. Applied Physics, 60, 1161-1168, (1986).
2335. Boenig, H.V., Plasma Science and Technology, Cornell University Press, 1982.
426. Boenig, H.V., ed., Advances in Low-Temperature Plasma Chemistry, Technology, Applications, Technomic, 1988.
899. Boerio, F.J., “Surface analysis in adhesion science,” in Adhesion Science and Engineering: Vol. 1 - The Mechanics of Adhesion; Vol. 2 - Surfaces, Chemistry and Applications, Dillard, D.A., and A.V. Pocius, eds., 243-316(V2), Elsevier, Oct 2002.
2840. Bolanca, Z., and A. Hladnik, “Some properties of the anodized aluminum surface,” Presented at Proceedings of the 15th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing, Rome, Italy, Oct 2000.
33. Bonn, R., and J.J. van Aartsen, “Solubility of polymers in relation to surface tension and index of refraction,” European Polymer J., 8, 1055-1066, (1972).
34. Bonnerup, C., and P. Gatenholm, “The effect of surface energetics and molecular interdiffusion on adhesion in multicomponent polymer systems,” J. Adhesion Science and Technology, 7, 247-262, (1993) (also in Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion: Festschrift in Honor of Professor Robert J. Good, K.L. Mittal, ed., p. 753-768, VSP, Nov 1993).
842. Borch, J., “Thermodynamics of polymer-paper adhesion: A review,” J. Adhesion Science and Technology, 5, 523-541, (1991).
2505. Borcia, C., G. Borcia, and N. Dumitrascu, “Relating surface modification to polymer characteristics,” Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing, 90, 507-515, (2008).
This paper aims to provide an analysis of the correlation between various plasma effects on polymers exposed to atmospheric pressure plasma. The relationship linking the surface polarity, the chemical structure and composition and the crystalline/amorphous phase contribution in the surface modification mechanisms of plasma-exposed polymers is explored. Different polymers were chosen comprising of various structures, functionality, degree of oxidation, crystallinity, and were treated under a particular experimental configuration, and dielectric barrier discharge-type. The plasma parameters and the treatment settings are observed, in relation to relevant surface properties, as surface energy components, surface topography, structural changes and chemical composition, under conditions where the gaseous environment chosen, He-N2, allows complex surface modification, by combined functionalisation and crosslinking.
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