ACCU DYNE TEST ™ Bibliography
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552. Rosseinsky, R., “Surface tension and internal pressure: A simple model,” J. Physical Chemistry, 81, 1578, (1977).
306. Rossman, K., “Improvement of bonding properties of polyethylene,” J. Polymer Science, 19, 141-144, (1956).
2765. Roth, J.R., D.M. Sherman, F. Karakaya, P.P.Y. Tsai, K. Kelly-Wintenberg, and T.C. Montie, “Increasing the surface energy and sterilization of nonwoven fabrics by exposure to a one atmosphere uniform glow discharge plasma (OAUGDP),” International Nonwovens J., 10, 34-47, (2001).
1683. Roth, J.R., J. Rahel, X. Dai, and D.M. Sherman, “The physics and phenomenology of one atmosphere uniform glow discharge plasma (OAUGDP) reactors for surface treatment applications,” J. Physics D: Applied Physics, 38, 555-567, (2005).
In this paper, we present data on the physics and phenomenology of plasma reactors based on the One Atmosphere Uniform Glow Discharge Plasma (OAUGDP™) that are useful in optimizing the conditions for plasma formation, uniformity and surface treatment applications. It is shown that the real (as opposed to reactive) power delivered to a reactor is divided between dielectric heating of the insulating material and power delivered to the plasma available for ionization and active species production. A relationship is given for the dielectric heating power input as a function of the frequency and voltage at which the OAUGDP™ discharge is operated.
1679. Roth, J.R., L.C. Wadsworth, P.D. Spence, P.P.-Y. Tsai, and C. Liu, “One atmosphere glow discharge plasma for surface treatment of nonwovens,” in Proceedings of the 3rd Annual TANDEC Conference on Meltblowing and Spunbonding Technology, TANDEC, Nov 1993.
2393. Roth, J.R., P.P. Tsai, C. Liu, M. Laroussi, and P.D. Spence, “One atmosphere, uniform glow discharge plasma,” U.S. Patent 5414324, May 1995.
2392. Roth, J.R., P.P. Tsai, L.C. Wadsworth, C. Liu, and P.D. Spence, “Method and apparatus for glow discharge plasma treatment of polymer materials at atmospheric pressure,” U.S. Patent 5403452, Apr 1995.
1668. Roth, J.R., Z. Chen, D.M. Sherman, F. Karakaya, and P. P.-Y. Tsai, “Plasma treatment of nonwovens and films for improved wettability and printability,” in 10th Annual International TANDEC Nonwovens Conference Proceedings, TANDEC, 2000.
1681. Roth, J.R., Z. Chen, D.M. Sherman, and F. Karakaya, “Plasma treatment of nonwovens and films for improved wettability and printability,” in Proceedings of the 10th Annual TANDEC Conference on Meltblowing and Spunbonding Technology, TANDEC, Nov 2000.
2394. Roth, J.R., and P.P. Tsai, “Method and apparatus for glow discharge plasma treatment of polymer materials at atmospheric pressure,” U.S. Patent 5456972, Oct 1995.
1670. Roth, J.R., and T.A. Bonds, “The application of a one atmosphere uniform glow discharge plasma (OAUGDP) to roll-to-roll surface energy enhancement and plasma chemical vapor deposition (PCVD) on films and fabrics,” in 15th Annual International TANDEC Nonwovens Conference Proceedings, TANDEC, Apr 2006.
2304. Rothacker, F.N., “Apparatus for the treatment of plastic materials,” U.S. Patent 2802085, Aug 1957.
2306. Rothacker, F.N., “Method and apparatus for the treatment of plastic materials,” U.S. Patent 2864755, Dec 1958.
880. Rowlinson, J.S., Cohesion: A Scientific History of Intermolecular Forces, Cambridge University Press, Nov 2002.
553. Ruckenstein, E., and S.V. Gourisankar, “Environmentally induced restructuring of polymer surfaces and its influence on their wetting characteristics in an aqueous environment,” J. Colloid and Interface Science, 107, 488-502, (1985).
2711. Rudawsk, A., “Surface free energy and 7075 aluminum bonded joint strength following degreasing only and without any prior treatment,” J. Adhesion Science and Technology, 26, 1233-1247, (2012).
Adhesion is a surface phenomenon occurring in many processes, e.g., bonding, painting or varnishing. Knowing the adhesion properties is critical for evaluating the usability or behaviour of materials during these processes. Good adhesion properties favour the processes of bonding, resulting in high strength of adhesive joints. Adhesive bonded joints are used in many industries, and the subject of this study was 7075 aluminium alloy sheet bonded joints as typically used in the aviation or construction industry. Surface free energy (SFE) can be used to determine the adhesion properties of the materials. The SFE of the tested sheets was determined with the Owens–Wendt method, which consists in determining the dispersion and polar components of SFE. The purpose of this work was to correlate the bonded joint strength of selected aluminium alloy sheets to the surface free energy of the sheets that had been subjected to degreasing only and no other prior treatment was used. Single-lap bonded joints of 7075 aluminium alloy sheets were tested. Higher joint strength was measured for the thinner sheets, while the lowest strength was measured for the thickest sheets. This suggests that the thickness of the joined parts is an important factor in the strength of bonded joints. The comparison of adhesion properties to the strength of adhesive joints of tested materials shows that there is no direct relation between good adhesion properties (i.e., high SFE) and joint strength. As for degreasing, the highest joint strength was observed for aluminium alloy sheets with the lowest SFE; the sheets which were not degreased gave the highest SFE and highest joint strength.
2625. Rudawska, A., and J. Kuczmaszewski, “Surface free energy of zinc coating after finishing treatment,” Materials Science - Poland, 24, (2006).
Protective properties of zinc coating increase with an additional coating such as: chromate, phosphate, paint and polymer coating. Besides, additional treatment of zinc coating serves decorative purposes as well. The paper presents the influence of additional coating of zinc coating on their adhesive properties which are especially helpful in processes where adhesion plays an essential role. These processes include among others: gluing, painting or varnishing. Adhesive properties are characterized by the value of surface free energy.
2052. Ruddy, A.C., G.M. McNally, G. Nersisyan, W.G. Graham, and W.R. Murphy, “The effect of atmospheric glow discharge (APGD) treatment on polyetherimide, polybutyleneterephthalate, and polyamides,” J. Plastic Film and Sheeting, 22, 103-119, (Apr 2006).
Polyamide 6, polyamide 12, polybutyleneterephthalate, and polyetherimide films are plasma treated in an APGD unit using various applied voltages, gas flow rates, frequencies, and dwell times. The results show changes in the surface chemistry (FTIR); the degree of change in dynamic contact angle is found to be dependent on the polymer type, dwell time, and electrical characteristics of the plasma.
2257. Ruiz-Cabello, F.J.M., M.A. Rodriguez-Valverde, and M.A. Cabrerizo-Vilchez, “Contact angle hysteresis on polymer surfaces: An experimental study,” J. Adhesion Science and Technology, 25, 2039-2049, (2011).
In order to characterize a solid surface, the commonly used approach is to measure the advancing and receding contact angles, i.e., the contact angle hysteresis. However, often an estimate of the average wettability of the solid–liquid system is required, which involves both the dry and wetted states of the surface. In this work, we measured advancing and receding contact angles on six polymer surfaces (polystyrene, poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(methyl methacrylate), polycarbonate, unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride), and poly(tetrafluoroethylene)) with water, ethylene glycol and formamide using the sessile drop and captive bubble methods. We observed a general disagreement between these two methods in the advancing and receding contact angles values and the average contact angle determined separately by each method, although the contact angle hysteresis range mostly agreed. Surface mobility, swelling or liquid penetration might explain this behaviour. However, we found that the 'cross' averages of the advancing and receding angles coincided. This finding suggests that the cross-averaged angle might be a meaningful contact angle for polymer–liquid systems. Hence, we recommend using both the sessile drop and captive bubble methods.
2264. Ruiz-Cabello, F.J.M., M.A. Rodriguez-Valverde, and M.A. Cabrerizo-Vilchez, “Additional comments on 'An essay on contact angle measurements' by M. Strobel and C. Lyons,” Plasma Processes and Polymers, 8, 363-366, (May 2011).
After the impact of the great review of M. Strobel and C. S. Lyons on contact angle measurements, we discuss some claims of the authors. The Wilhelmy method is not generally “the best technique for measuring the contact angle hysteresis” as the authors claimed. Otherwise, we think that, even though equilibrium contact angle is an “unattainable” angle, the most-stable contact angle obtained from the system relaxation is experimentally accessible. The most-stable contact angle is energetically significant for evaluating quantitatively the surface energy value of rough, chemically homogeneous surfaces from the Wenzel equation, and the average surface energy of smooth, chemically heterogeneous surfaces from the Cassie equation. The most-stable contact angle, the advancing contact angle and the receding contact angles enable the thermodynamic description of the range of contact angle hysteresis and the distribution of metastable system configurations.
2473. Rulison, C., “So you want to measure surface energy? A tutorial designed to provide basic understanding of the concept of solid surface energy, and its many complications,” Kruss USA,
2485. Rulison, C., “Adhesion energy and interfacial tension - two related coating/substrate interfacial properties: Which is more important for your application, and why?,” http://www.kruss.de.en/newsletter/newsletter-archives.2003.issue-01, Jan 2003.
2621. Rulison, C., “Effect of temperature on the surface energy of solids - sometimes it does matter,” Kruss Application Note AN250e, Dec 2005.
3017. Rulison, C., “Two-component surface energy characterization as a predictor of wettabiltiy and dispersability,” Kruss Application Report AR213e, Jan 2000.
2373. Runck, W.A., “Corona discharge treatment roll,” U.S. Patent 4402888, Sep 1983.
2000. Ryley, D.J., and B.H. Khoshaim, “A new method of determining the contact angle made by a sessile drop upon a horizontal surface (sessile drop contact angle),” J. Colloid and Interface Science, 59, 243-251, (Apr 1977).
1117. Ryu, D.Y., K. Shin, E. Drockenmuller, C.J. Hawker, and T.P. Russell, “A generalized approach to the modification of solid surfaces,” Science, 308, 236-238, (Apr 2005).
Interfacial interactions underpin phenomena ranging from adhesion to surface wetting. Here, we describe a simple, rapid, and robust approach to modifying solid surfaces, based on an ultrathin cross-linkable film of a random copolymer, which does not rely on specific surface chemistries. Specifically, thin films of benzocyclobutene-functionalized random copolymers of styrene and methyl methacrylate were spin coated or transferred, then thermally cross-linked on a wide variety of metal, metal oxide, semiconductor, and polymeric surfaces, producing a coating with a controlled thickness and well-defined surface energy. The process described can be easily implemented and adapted to other systems.
1369. Sabreen, S., “Surface treatments for electronic components - solutions for adhesive bonding problems,” Presented at NEPCON West, 1993.
1178. Sabreen, S.R., “Question: Surface wetting,” Plastics Decorating, 46, (Apr 2006).
1179. Sabreen, S.R., “Question: Corona discharge and flame surface pretreatment methods,” Plastics Decorating, 46, (Apr 2006).
1532. Sabreen, S.R., “Question: flame plasma surface treatment,” Plastics Decorating, 45-46, (Jan 2007).
1556. Sabreen, S.R., “Technology developments for digital applications,” Plastics Decorating, 20-25, (Apr 2007).
2158. Sabreen, S.R., “Surface wetting procedure using dyne solutions,” http://www.sabreen.com/dyne_solutions.htm,
2160. Sabreen, S.R., “Basics of surface wetting and pretreatment methods,” http://www.sabreen.com/surface_wetting.htm,
2220. Sabreen, S.R., “Cold gas plasma surface modification: Optimize plastics bonding adhesion,” Plastics Decorating, 6-10, (Jan 2010).
2222. Sabreen, S.R., “The science of solving plastics adhesion problems: Contact angles, surface wetting, chemical activation,” Plastics Decorating, 26-28, (Apr 2010).
2233. Sabreen, S.R., “Solving the problem of plastics adhesion,” Plastics Engineering, 67, 6-8, (Apr 2011).
2435. Sabreen, S.R., “Plastics surface energy wetting test methods,” http://www.plasticsdecorating.com/ENEWS/ENews.asp?/item=surfaceenergywetting, Mar 2012.
2441. Sabreen, S.R., “Fluorooxidation: A breakthrough surface pretreatment,” Plastics Decorating, 14-16, (Apr 2012).
2463. Sabreen, S.R., “Fluorooxidation surface pretreatment,” http://plasticsdecorating.com/e-news/stories/061313/fluorooxidation, Jun 2013.
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