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ACCU DYNE TEST ™ Bibliography

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900. Packham, D.E., “Surface roughness and adhesion,” in Adhesion Science and Engineering: Vol. 1 - The Mechanics of Adhesion; Vol. 2 - Surfaces, Chemistry and Applications, Dillard, D.A., and A.V. Pocius, eds., 317-350(V2), Elsevier, Oct 2002.

1135. Packham, D.E., “Acid-base surface energy parameters,” in Handbook of Adhesion, 2nd Ed., Packham, D.E., ed., 7-9, John Wiley & Sons, Jul 2005.

1138. Packham, D.E., “Contact angles and interfacial tension,” in Handbook of Adhesion, 2nd Ed., Packham, D.E., ed., 84-86, John Wiley & Sons, Jul 2005.

1140. Packham, D.E., “Critical surface tension,” in Handbook of Adhesion, 2nd Ed., Packham, D.E., ed., 94-96, John Wiley & Sons, Jul 2005.

1142. Packham, D.E., “Good-Girifalco interaction parameter,” in Handbook of Adhesion, 2nd Ed., Packham, D.E., ed., 217-219, John Wiley & Sons, Jul 2005.

1144. Packham, D.E., “Lifshitz-van der Waals forces,” in Handbook of Adhesion, 2nd Ed., Packham, D.E., ed., 273-274, John Wiley & Sons, Jul 2005.

1149. Packham, D.E., “Surface energy,” in Handbook of Adhesion, 2nd Ed., Packham, D.E., ed., 514-517, John Wiley & Sons, Jul 2005.

1150. Packham, D.E., “Surface energy components,” in Handbook of Adhesion, 2nd Ed., Packham, D.E., ed., 517-520, John Wiley & Sons, Jul 2005.

1471. Packham, D.E., “Surface energy, surface topography and adhesion,” Intl. J. Adhesion and Adhesives, 23, 437-448, (2003).

1136. Padday, J.F., “Contact angle,” in Handbook of Adhesion, 2nd Ed., Packham, D.E., ed., 79-81, John Wiley & Sons, Jul 2005.

1137. Padday, J.F., “Contact angle measurement,” in Handbook of Adhesion, 2nd Ed., Packham, D.E., ed., 82-84, John Wiley & Sons, Jul 2005.

1152. Padday, J.F., “Wetting and work of adhesion,” in Handbook of Adhesion, 2nd Ed., Packham, D.E., ed., 594-597, John Wiley & Sons, Jul 2005.

1341. Padday, J.F., “Apparatus for measuring the spreading coefficient of a liquid, on a solid surface,” J. Scientific Instrumentation, 36, (1959).

1595. Padday, J.F., “Theory of surface tension,” in Surface and Colloid Science, Vol. 1, Matijevic, E., ed., John Wiley & Sons, 1969.

1913. Padday, J.F., “Spreading, wetting, and contact angles,” J. Adhesion Science and Technology, 6, 1347-1358, (1992) (also in Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion: Festschrift in Honor of Professor Robert J. Good, K.L. Mittal, ed., p. 97-108, VSP, Nov 1993).

280. Padday, J.F., and N.D. Uffindell, “The calculation of cohesive and adhesive energies from intermolecular forces at a surface,” J. Physical Chemistry, 72, 1407-1413, (1968).

281. Padday, J.F., and N.D. Uffindell, “Reply to comments of F.M. Fowkes on 'The calculation of cohesive and adhesive energies',” J. Physical Chemistry, 72, 3700-3701, (1968).

542. Padday, J.F., ed., Wetting, Spreading, and Adhesion, Academic Press, 1978.

543. Padmanabhan, S., “Surfactants and wettability (graduate thesis),” Univ. of Rhode Island, 1978.

1243. Page, S.A., J.C. Berg, and J.-A.E. Manson, “Characterization of epoxy resin surface energies,” J. Adhesion Science and Technology, 15, 153-170, (2001).

2313. Pajfey, A.J., “Electrical treatment of polyethylene,” U.S. Patent 3111471, Nov 1963.

2136. Palm, P., “Corona treatment for any material thickness,” Kunststoffe International, 66-68, (Jan 2007).

1577. Palmers, J., “Roll-to-roll plasma treater to improve bonding and modify surfaces,” Coating Magazine, 469, (Dec 2000).

1578. Palmers, J., “Economic alternative to primers,” European Plastic Product Manufacturer, 51, (Apr 2002).

2947. Palmers, J., “Surface modification using low-pressure plasma technology,” Medical Device & Diagnostic Industry, (Jan 2000).

1466. Pan, N., and Z. Sun, “Interactions between liquid and fibrous materials,” in Thermal and Moisture Transport in Fibrous Materials, Pan, N., and P. Gibson, eds., 188-222, Woodhead Publishing, Nov 2006.

2978. Pandiyaraj, K.N., V. Selvarajan, R.R. Deshmukh, and C. Gao, “Modification of surface properties of polypropylene (PP) film using DC glow discharge air plasma,” Applied Surface Science, 255, 3965-3971, (Jan 2009).

The industrial use of polypropylene (PP) films is limited because of undesirable properties such as poor adhesion and printability. In the present study, a DC glow discharge plasma has been used to improve the surface properties of PP films and make it useful for technical applications. The change in hydrophilicity of modified PP film surface was investigated by contact angle (CA) and surface energy measurements as a function of exposure time. In addition, plasma-treated PP films have been subjected to an ageing process to determine the durability of the plasma treatment. Changes in morphological and chemical composition of PP films were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The improvement in adhesion was studied by measuring T-peel and lap shear strength. The results show that the surface hydrophilicity has been improved due to the increase in the roughness and the introduction of oxygen-containing polar groups. The AFM observation on PP film shows that the roughness of the surface increased due to plasma treatment. Analysis of chemical binding states and surface chemical composition by XPS showed an increase in the formation of polar functional groups and the concentration of oxygen content on the plasma-processed PP film surfaces. T-peel and lap shear test for adhesion strength measurement showed that the adhesion strength of the plasma-modified PP films increased compared with untreated films surface.

1527. Panousis, E., F. Clement, J.-F. Loiseau, N. Spyrou, B. Held, et al, “An electrical comparative study of two atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge reactors,” Plasma Sources Science and Technology, 15, 828-839, (Sep 2006).

The experimental work reported here is devoted to the electrical study of two atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactors operating at high gas flow, conceived for surface treatment applications in spatial afterglow conditions. Both reactors are of coaxial geometry with the dielectric covering the active electrode, and are driven by a power generator delivering quasi-sinusoidal voltage waveforms in the 100–160 kHz range. The influence of the gas flow value and of the input power on the electrical operation of these systems is investigated. The comparative study performed here, by means of electrical measurements, reveals the influence of parameters such as geometrical dimensions and dielectric material used on the operation of the DBD. Power factor measurements are used to quantify the reactors' electrical performance. Optical diagnostics and kinetic modelling reveal a high chemical activity of the systems appropriate for the treatment of surfaces at atmospheric pressure.

282. Panzer, J., “Components of solid surface free energy from wetting measurements,” J. Colloid and Interface Science, 44, 142-161, (1973).

283. Papirer, E., D.Y. Wu, and J. Schultz, “Adhesion of flame-treated polyolefins to styrene butadiene rubber,” J. Adhesion Science and Technology, 7, 343-362, (1993).

2551. Pappas, D.D., A.A. Bujanda, J.A. Orlicki, and R.E. Jensen, “Chemical and morphological modification of polymers under a helium-oxygen dielectric barrier discharge,” Surface and Coatings Technology, 203, 830-834, (Dec 2008).

In this work, the surface modifications of various polymer films due to helium–oxygen dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) exposure operating under atmospheric pressure are reported. The polymer films studied include ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, polyamide, polytetrafluoroethylene and polyimide. Experimental results reveal increased hydrophilicity and surface energy of the plasma exposed polymers. This is attributed to the presence of oxygen containing groups grafted onto the surface during plasma treatment, as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) data show the appearance of micro depressions, the size of which depends on the chemical structure and the treatment time, suggesting that mild etching occurs in a predicted fashion. Most importantly, this uniform modification occurs within a few seconds of exposure, time comparable to continuous on-line industrial processing.

2735. Pappas, D.D., A.A. Bujanda, J.D. Demaree, J.K. Hirvonen, W. Kosik, R. Jensen, and S. McKnight, “Surface modification of polyamide fibers and films using atmospheric plasmas,” Surface and Coatings Technology, 201, 4384-4388, (2006).

In this work, polyamide (Nylon 6) fibers and films were treated under atmospheric pressure glow discharges (APGD) and the effects on the morphology and chemistry of the material were studied. The fibers were plasma treated with N 2 , C 2 H 2 in He for (0.6–9.6) s at a frequency of 90 kHz, leading to the functionalization of the surface through the addition of new reactive chemical groups such as –COOH and –OH and changing the energy, chemical composition and wettability of the surface.Surface characteristics were examined via contact angle measurements, XPS, and SEM. Wettability tests revealed the improvement of the hydrophilic character of the surface as the water contact angle measured after the plasma treatments significantly decreased. The corresponding changes of the total surface energy were evaluated with a dynamic contact angle analysis system revealing a significant increase due to the exposure that can be mainly attributed to the increase of its polar component. Preliminary XPS results show a significant increase in oxygen content with the addition of carboxylic and hydroxylic groups and a decrease in the carbon content of the surface. Most importantly, the plasma modified nylon fibers and films exhibit a stable wetting behavior, even for weeks after being treated, suggesting that it is a promising technique to minimize aging phenomena.

1244. Park, J., C.S. Lyons, M. Strobel, M. Ulsh, M.I. Kissinger, M.J. Prokosch, “Characterization of non-uniform wettability on flame-treated polypropylene-film surfaces,” J. Adhesion Science and Technology, 17, 643-653, (2003).

2552. Park, J.-K., W.-T. Ju, K.-H. Paek, Y.-H. Kim, Y.-H. Choi, J.-H. Kim, and Y.-S. Hwang, “Pre-treatments of polymers by atmospheric pressure ejected plasma for adhesion improvement,” Surface and Coatings Technology, 174-175, 547-552, (Sep 2003).

2993. Park, J.B., J.S. Oh, E.L. Gil, S.J. Kyoung, J.T. Lin, and G.Y. Yeom, “Polyimide surface treatment by atmospheric pressure plasma for metal adhesion,” J. Electrochemical Society, 157, (Oct 2010).

The surface of polyimide (PI) films before/after plasma surface treatment using a remote-type modified dielectric barrier discharge was investigated to improve the adhesion between the PI substrate and the metal thin film. Among the plasma treatments of the PI substrate surface using various gas mixtures, the surface treated with the N-2/He/SF6/O-2 plasma showed the lowest contact angle value due to the high C=O bondings formed on the PI surface, while that treated with N-2/He/SF6 showed the highest contact angle value due to the high C-F-x chemical bondings on the PI surface. Specifically, when the O-2 gas flow was varied from 0 to 2.0 slm in the N-2(40 slm)/He(1 slm)/SF6(1.2 slm)/O-2 (x slm) gas composition, the lowest contact angle value of about 9.3 degrees was obtained at an O-2 gas flow of 0.9 slm. And it was due to the high content of oxygen radicals in the plasma, which leads to the formation of the highest C=O bondings on the PI surface. When the interfacial adhesion strength between the Ag film and PI substrate was measured after the treatment with N-2(40 slm)/He(1 slm)/SF6(1.2 slm)/O-2(0.9 slm) followed by the deposition of Ag, a peel strength of 111 gf/mm was observed, which is close to the adhesion strength between a metal and the PI treated by a low pressure plasma.

849. Park, S.-C., S.-K. Koh, and K.D. Pae, “Effects of surface modification by Ar+ irradiation on wettability of surfaces of poly(ethylene terephthalate) films,” Polymer Engineering and Science, 38, 1185-1192, (Jul 1998).

2248. Park, S.-J., H.-J. Sohn, S.-K. Hong, and G.-S. Shin, “Influence of atmospheric fluorine plasma treatment on thermal and dielectric properties of polyimide film,” J. Colloid and Interface Science, 332, 246-250, (Apr 2009).

Plasma treatment of polyimide surfaces not only causes structural modification during the plasma exposure, but also leaves active sites on the surfaces that are subject to post-reaction. In this work, the effects of atmospheric fluorine plasma treatment on the surface properties and dielectric properties of polyimide thin film were investigated by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform-IR (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and contact angle measurement. The results indicated that plasma treatment successfully introduced fluorine functional groups on the polyimide surfaces. The polyimides also exhibited good thermal stability and a lower dielectric constant. It appears that the replacement of fluorine led to the decrease of the local electronic polarizability of polyimide. Consequently, it was found that the atmospheric fluorine plasma-treated polyimides possessed lower dielectric characteristics than the untreated polyimides.

2991. Park, S.-J., K.-S. Cho, and S.-H. Kim, “Surface and adhesion characteristics of polyimide film treated by corona discharge,” Korean Chemical Engineering Research, 40, 613-617, (2002).

2449. Park, S.-J., and H.-Y. Lee, “Effect of atmospheric-pressure plasma on adhesion characteristics of polyimide film,” J. Colloid and Interface Science, 285, 267-272, (May 2005).

In this work, the effect of atmospheric-pressure plasma treatments on surface properties of polyimide film are investigated in terms of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angles, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The adhesion characteristics of the film are also studied in the peel strengths of polyimide/copper film. As experimental results, the polyimide surfaces treated by plasma lead to an increase of oxygen-containing functional groups or the polar component of the surface free energy, resulting in improving the adhesion characteristics of the polyimide/copper foil. Also, the roughness of the film surfaces, confirmed by AFM observation, is largely increased. These results can be explained by the fact that the atmospheric-pressure plasma treatment of polyimide surface yields several oxygen complexes in hydrophobic surfaces, which can play an important role in increasing the surface polarity, wettability, and the adhesion characteristics of the polyimide/copper system.

1245. Park, S.-J., and J.-S. Jin, “Effect of corona discharge treatment on the dyeability of low-density polyethylene film,” J. Colloid and Interface Science, 236, 155-160, (Apr 2001).

 

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