ACCU DYNE TEST ™ Bibliography
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2862. Mutchler, J., J. Menkart, and A.M. Schwartz, “Rapid estimation of the critical surface tension of fibers,” in Pesticidal Formulations Research (Advances in Chemistry Vol. 86, 7-14, American Chemical Society, 1969.
1686. Myers, D.L., “Method of corona treating a hydrophobic sheet material,” U.S. Patent 5688465, Nov 1997.
252. Mykytiuk, A., “The 'mystery' of web treating,” Flexible Packaging, 1, 26-30, (Jun 1999).
1070. Mykytiuk, A., “What is the latest in surface treating innovations and trends?,” Flexible Packaging, 6, 29-31, (May 2004).
2726. Najarzadeh, Z., and A. Ajji, “A novel approach toward the effect of seal process parameters on final seal strength and microstructure of LLDPE,” J. Adhesion Science and Technology, 28, 1592-1609, (2014).
The optimization of heat-sealing process parameters, including time, temperature, and pressure, was performed on a monolayer linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) film. The seal properties examined for each process condition were: seal initiation temperature (Tsi), plateau initiation temperature (Tpi), final plateau temperature (Tpf), plateau seal strength (SSp), and failure mode. Increasing dwell time enhanced seal strength. However, it was found that the rate of this enhancement is different for each interval of dwell time. A narrow temperature plateau was observed for dwell times lower than 0.4 s and higher than 2 s, while in between a broad temperature window was observed. The pressure shows its influence up to the stage of wetting. And after providing the intimate contact between two film layers, additional increase in pressure does not enhance seal strength significantly. A 3D mapping of process safety zone was introduced for seal strength in the range of heat seal process variables for the very first time. The analysis of this 3D representation revealed that seal strength has a linear correlation with the square root of dwell time. In addition, the interfacial bond strength was shown to be proportional to the fraction of melted crystals. It was found that this fraction is determined by dwell time and temperature. Topography and morphology of surfaces after peeling revealed enlargement of fibrillar morphology to taller failure fracture complex shapes. Extensive roughness analysis on film surfaces after peeling found the much rougher surfaces after breakage of strong bonding.
754. Nakamae, K., K. Yamaguchi, M. Ishikawa, and A. Kominami, “Rearrangement of functional groups of plasma-treated polymer surfaces by contact angle measurements,” in Metallized Plastics: Fundamentals and Applications, Mittal, K.L., ed., 239-250, Marcel Dekker, Nov 1997.
969. Nakamatsu, J., L.F. Delgado-Aparicio, R. Da Silva, and F. Soberon, “Ageing of plasma-treated poly(tetrafluoroethylene) surfaces,” J. Adhesion Science and Technology, 13, 753-761, (1999).
1943. Nakamura, Y., and K. Nakamae, “Adhesion between plasma-treated polypropylene films and thin aluminum films,” J. Adhesion, 59, 75-86, (Aug 1996).
254. Nakayama, Y., F. Soada, and A. Ishitani, “Surface analysis of plasma-treated poly(ethylene terephthalate) film,” Polymer Engineering and Science, 31, 812-817, (1991).
253. Nakayama, Y., T. Takahagi, F. Soeda, K. Hataga, et al, “XPS analysis of NH3 plasma-treated polystyrene films utilizing gas phase chemical modification,” J. Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 26, 559-572, (1988).
673. Nam, S., and A.N. Netravali, “Tetralin and ammonia plasma treatment of ultra-high-strength polyethyelene fibers for improved adhesion to epoxy resin,” in Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion, Vol. 2, Mittal, K.L., ed., 147-162, VSP, Sep 2002.
1816. Napartovich, A.P., “Overview of atmospheric pressure discharges producing nonthermal plasma,” Plasmas and Polymers, 6, 1-14, (Jun 2001).
2244. Nase, M., B. Langer, and W. Grellmann, “Influence of processing conditions on the peel behavior of polyethylene/polybutene-1 peel systems,” J. Plastic Film and Sheeting, 25, 61-80, (Jan 2009).
The peel characteristics of sealed low-density polyethylene/isotactic polybutene-1 (PE-LD/iPB-1) films, with different contents of iPB-1 up to 20 m.-% (mass percentage), were evaluated and simulated in dependence on the iPB-1 content, and in dependence on the peel rate. Sealing involves close contact and localized melting of two films for a few seconds. The required force, to separate the local adhered films, is the peel force, which is influenced, among others, by the content of iPB-1. The peel force decreases exponentially with increasing iPB-1 content. Transmission electron microscopy studies reveal a favorable dispersion of the iPB-1 particles within the seal area, for iPB-1 concentrations ≥6 m.-%. Here, the iPB-1 particles form continuous belt-like structures, which lead to a stable and reproducible peel process. The investigation of the peel rate-dependency on the peel characteristics is of important interest for practical applications. The peel force increases with increasing peel rate by an exponential law. A numerical simulation of the present material system proves to be useful to comprehend the peel process, and to understand the peel behavior in further detail. Peel tests of different peel samples were simulated, using a two-dimensional finite element model, including cohesive zone elements. The established finite element model of the peel process was used to simulate the influence of the modulus of elasticity on the peel behavior. The peel force is independent of the modulus of elasticity, however, the peel initiation value increases with increasing modulus of elasticity. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/app.28999
1293. Neagu, E, and R. Neagu, “Polymer surface treatment for improvement of metal-polymer adhesion,” Applied Surface Science, 72, 231-234, (Nov 1993).
770. Neimark, A.V., “Thermodynamic equilibrium and stability of liquid films and droplets on fibers,” in Apparent and Microscopic Contact Angles, Drelich, J., J.S. Laskowski, and K.L. Mittal, eds., 301-318, VSP, Jun 2000.
1858. Netravali, A.N., J.M. Caceres, M.O. Thompson, and T.J. Renk, “Surface modification of ultra-high strength polyethylene fibers for enhanced adhesion to epoxy resins using intense pulsed high-power ion beam,” J. Adhesion Science and Technology, 13, 1331-1342, (1999).
799. Netravali, A.N., Q. Song, J.M. Caceres, M.O. Thompson, and T.J. Renk, “Excimer laser and high power ion beam surface modification of ulrta-high strength polyethylene fibers for improved adhesion to epoxy resins,” in Polymer Surface Modification: Relevance to Adhesion, Vol. 2, Mittal, K.L., ed., 355-376, VSP, Dec 2000.
786. Netravali, A.N., and Q. Song, “Laser surface modification of ultra-high-strength polyethylene fibers: correlation between acid-base interactions and adhesion to epoxies,” in Acid-Base Interactions: Relevance to Adhesion Science and Technology, Vol. 2, Mittal, K.L., ed., 525-538, VSP, Dec 2000.
1321. Neumann, A.W., “The temperature dependence of surface energetics,” in Fourth International Congress of Surface Activity, 335-341, 1964.
1324. Neumann, A.W., “Contact angles,” in Wetting, Spreading and Adhesion, Padday, J.F., ed., 3-35, Academic Press, 1978.
1333. Neumann, A.W., “Methods for measuring surface energetics, part I: Contact angles,” Z. Physik. Chem. Neue Folge, 41, 339-352, (1964).
255. Neumann, A.W., R.J. Good, C.J. Hope, and M. Sejpal, “An equation-of-state approach to determine the surface tensions of low-energy solids from contact angles,” J. Colloid and Interface Science, 49, 291-304, (1974).
1653. Neumann, A.W., R.J. Good, P. Ehrlich, P.K. Basu, and G.J. Johnston, “The temperature dependence of the surface tension of solutions of atactic polystyrene,” J. Macromolecular Science, B7, 525, (1973).
1336. Neumann, A.W., Y. Harnoy, D. Stanga, and A.V. Rapacchietta, “Temperature dependence of contact angles on polyethylene terephthalate,” in Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 3, Kerker, M., ed., 301-312, Academic Press, 1976.
1974. Neumann, A.W., and A.V. Rapacchietta, “Comments to J.R. Huntsberger: Surface chemistry and adhesion - a review of some fundamentals,” J. Adhesion, 9, 87-91, (1977).
717. Neumann, A.W., and J.K. Spelt, eds., Applied Surface Thermodynamics, Marcel Dekker, Jun 1996.
1322. Neumann, A.W., and P.J. Sell, “Estimation of surface tensions of polymers from contact angle data without neglecting the equilibrium spreading pressure,” Kunststoffe, 57, 829-834, (1967).
1334. Neumann, A.W., and P.J. Sell, “Relations between surface energetics,” Z. Physik. Chem., 227, 187-194, (1964).
1323. Neumann, A.W., and R.J. Good, “Thermodynamics of contact angles, I. Heterogeneous solid surfaces,” J. Colloid and Interface Science, 38, 341-358, (1972).
1337. Neumann, A.W., and R.J. Good, “Techniques of measuring contact angles,” in Experimental Methods in Surface and Colloid Science, Vol. 11, Good, R.J., and R. Stromberg, eds., 31-91, Plenum Press, 1979.
256. Neumann, R.D., “Paper surface: beyond appearance,” TAPPI J., 80, 14-16, (Jul 1997).
257. Newberry, D., “Glass and ceramic surface dynamics,” ScreenPrinting, 85, 32-36, (Jul 1995).
1850. Newman, S., “The effect of composition on the critical surface tension of polyvinyl butyral,” J. Colloid and Interface Science, 25, 341-345, (Nov 1967).
2865. Newman, S., “The effect of composition on the critical surface tension of polyvinyl butyral,” J. Colloid and Interface Science, 25, 341-345, (Nov 1967).
1937. Nguyen, T.P., A. Lahmar, and P. Jonnard, “Adhesion improvement of poly(phenylene-vinylene) substrates induced by argon-oxygen plasma treatment,” J. Adhesion, 66, 303-317, (Mar 1998).
539. Nicastro, L.C., R.W. Keown. J.S. Paik, and A.B. Metzner, “Effect of storage temperature on the heat sealability of polypropylene film,” TAPPI J., 76, 175-178, (Aug 1993).
1810. Nickerson, R., “Plasma surface modification for cleaning and adhesion,” in 1998 Polymers, Laminations and Coatings Conference Proceedings, TAPPI Press, Sep 1998.
800. Nie, H.-Y., M.J. Walzak, and N.S. McIntyre, “Atomic force microscopy study of UV/ozone treated polypropylene films,” in Polymer Surface Modification: Relevance to Adhesion, Vol. 2, Mittal, K.L., ed., 377-392, VSP, Dec 2000.
2617. Nielsen, R., “What is the future of adhesion for water-based inks and adhesives on raw BOPP film?,” Converting Quarterly, 5, 78-81, (May 2015).
1874. Niem, P.I.F., T.L. Lau, and K.M. Kwan, “The effect of surface characteristics of polymeric materials on the strength of bonded joints,” J. Adhesion Science and Technology, 10, 361-372, (1996).
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