ACCU DYNE TEST ™ Bibliography
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2541. Kalapat, N., T. Amornsakchai, and T. Srikhirin, “Surface modification of biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film using acrylic acid-corona treatment, part II: Long term aging surface properties,” Surface and Coatings Technology, 234, 67-75, (Nov 2013).
In this work particular attention has been paid to the aging behavior of biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film surfaces modified with the acrylic acid (AAc) corona discharge treatment previously reported. Three different corona energies of 15.3, 38.2 and 76.4 kJ/m2 were studied. The surface properties of treated films during 90 days of aging were compared with those of normal air-corona treated films prepared with the same corona energies. The surface chemical compositions of aged films were analyzed by curve-fitting of the ATR-FTIR spectra. The wettabilities of all aged films were monitored by water contact angle and surface free energy measurements. The change of surface topology of air- and AAc-corona treated films was investigated at 1 day, 7 days and 90 days of aging using the technique. In addition, the surface adhesions of aged films were determined with the T-peeling test. The results showed that the amount of polar functional groups on the surface of aged films had changed. However, the aged films of the AAc-corona treated films still showed greater wettability than did the air-corona treated films and could retain high surface hydrophilicity for more than 90 days of aging under ambient condition. The surface topology of both types of aged films changed after aging from a globular structure to a flatter surface, due to mobility of the deposited polymer layer. The AAc-corona treated films showed rougher surfaces due to the influence of poly(acrylic acid) deposition and they could retain the improved surface wettability despite the change in surface topography. The adhesion peel forces of aged films decreased slightly due to the topological changes. A mechanism for the change in surface topography and in chemical functionality of each type of aged film is proposed.
2980. Kalapat, N., and T. Amornsakchai, “Surface modification of biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film using acrylic acid-corona treatment, Part I. Properties and characterization of treated films,” Surface and Coatings Technology, 207, 594-601, (Aug 2012).
In this work, the acrylic acid (AAc)-corona discharge was carried out on biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films by introducing AAc vapor into the corona region of a normal corona treater. Three different corona energies of 15.3, 38.2 and 76.4 kJ/m2 were studied. Surface properties of treated films were compared with those of air-corona treated films prepared with the same corona energies. The change in chemical composition on the film surface was characterized by curve-fitting of the ATR-FTIR spectra. The wettability of treated films, before and after aging in different environments, was observed by water contact angle and surface free energy. The surface morphology of air- and AAc-corona treated films was investigated using SEM and AFM techniques. Adhesion of the treated films to some other substrate was determined with the T-peeling test. It was found that the hydrophilicity of all treated films increased with increasing corona energy. AAc-corona treated films showed greater wettability than did the air-corona treated films and could retain the surface hydrophilicity for more than 90 days of aging under ambient conditions. The surface morphology of BOPP films changed after corona treatment into a globular structure. The AAc-corona treated films showed rougher surfaces due to surface oxidation and polymer formation, whereas, air-corona treated films displayed a similar structure but of smaller size due to the formation of low molecular weight oxidized materials (LMWOM) arising from the degradation of BOPP films. AAc-corona treated films showed greater peel strength than did the air-corona treated films.
788. Kamath, Y.K., and C.J. Dansizer, “Acid-base interactions in the measurements of surface energies of textile fibers and finish liquids,” in Acid-Base Interactions: Relevance to Adhesion Science and Technology, Vol. 2, Mittal, K.L., ed., 593-600, VSP, Dec 2000.
2073. Kaminska, A., H. Kaczmarek, and J. Kowalonek, “The influence of side groups and polarity of polymers on the kind and effectiveness of their surface modification by air plasma action,” European Polymer J., 38, 1915-1919, (Sep 2002).
1423. Kamusewitz, H., and W. Possart, “The static contact angle hysteresis and Young's equilibrium contact angle,” in Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion, Vol. 4, Mittal, K.L., ed., 101-114, VSP, Jul 2006.
499. Kamusewitz, H., et al, “How do contact angles reflect adsorption phenomena?,” in ANTEC 95, Society of Plastics Engineers, 1995.
1676. Kan, C.W., “The use of plasma pre-treatment for enhancing the performance of textile ink-jet printing,” J. Adhesion Science and Technology, 21, 911-921, (2007).
In this study the effect of low temperature plasma (LTP) treatment of cotton fabric for ink-jet printing was investigated. Owing to the specific printing and conductivity requirements for ink-jet printing, none of the conventional printing chemicals used for cotton fabric can be directly incorporated into the ink formulation. As a result, the cotton fabric requires treatment with the printing chemicals prior to the stage of ink-jet printing. The printing chemicals as a treatment to cotton fabric are applied by the coating method. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility and effectiveness of applying LTP pre-treatment to enhance the performance of treatment paste containing sodium alginate, to improve the properties of the ink-jet printed cotton fabric. Experimental results revealed that the LTP pre-treatment in conjunction with the ink-jet printing technique could improve the final properties of printed cotton fabric.
1844. Kan, C.W., and C.W.M. Yuen, “Influence of plasma treatment on the wettability and dryability of synthetic fibres,” PMSE Preprints, 100, 79-80, (Mar 2009).
Polyester and polyamide fabrics were treated with plasma under atmospheric pressure for different durations, 3, 5 and 7 s. The wettability of polyester and polyamide fabrics, measured in terms of contact angle and longitudinal wicking, was improved after plasma treatment. The oxygen content of the fabrics was increased indicating that hydrophilic groups had been introduced into the fabric leading to the improved wettability. However, there was no obvious improvement in dryability because bulk properties of the fibres did not change. Moreover, with the help of plasma treatment, water repellency of the fabrics was greatly improved when water repellency finishing agent was added.
1688. Kanda, N., M. Kogoma, H. Jinno, H. Ychiyama, and S. Okazaki, “Atmospheric pressure glow plasma discharge and its application to surface treatment and film deposition,” in Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry, Vol. 3, 3.2.201-204, ISPC, 1991.
986. Kang, E.T., K.L. Tan, K. Kato, Y. Uyama, and Y. Ikada, “Surface modification and functionalisation of polytetrafluoroethylene films,” Macromolecules, 29, 6872-6879, (Oct 1996).
1586. Kang, J.-Y., and M. Sarmadi, “Textile plasma treatment review - natural polymer-based textiles,” AATCC Review, 10, 28-32, (2004).
Plasma treatment effectively alters the surface of textiles and reduces the need for using environmentally hazardous chemicals. Applications of the technology include enhancing wettability, adhesiveness of polymer surface, and anti-felting properties of wool fibers, as well as improving dyeing properties, and sterilization. Free radicals generated on the surface can induce further crosslinking or polymerization.
1587. Kang, J.-Y., and M. Sarmadi, “Textile plasma treatment review - synthetic polymer-based textiles,” AATCC Review, 11, 29-33, (2004).
Surface modification of textile fibers using gas plasma is a useful tool in altering the wettability, adhesiveness, and dyeability of synthetic polymer-based textiles. Plasma treatment is also effective for biomedical applications such as sterilization. Antibacterial properties can be achieved by subsequent grafting.
2882. Kang, N., K. Myers, M. Adams, A. Sandt, and W.C. Miles, “Enabling energy-curable adhesion through polymer design,” UV + EB Technology, 8, 22-27, (Feb 2022).
2775. Kano, Y., and S. Akiyama, “Critical surface tension of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoroacetone) by the contact angle method,” Polymer, 33, 1690-1695, (1992).
2899. Kanungo, M., S. Mettu, K.-Y. Law, and S. Daniel, “Effect of roughness geometry on wetting and dewetting of rough PDMS surfaces,” Langmuir, 30, 7358-7368, (Jun 2014).
Rough PDMS surfaces comprising 3 μm hemispherical bumps and cavities with pitches ranging from 4.5 to 96 μm have been fabricated by photolithographic and molding techniques. Their wetting and dewetting behavior with water was studied as model for print surfaces used in additive manufacturing and printed electronics. A smooth PDMS surface was studied as control. For a given pitch, both bumpy and cavity surfaces exhibit similar static contact angles, which increase as the roughness ratio increases. Notably, the observed water contact angles are shown to be consistently larger than the calculated Wenzel angles, attributable to the pinning of the water droplets into the metastable wetting states. Optical microscopy reveals that the contact lines on both the bumpy and cavity surfaces are distorted by the microtextures, pinning at the lead edges of the bumps and cavities. Vibration of the sessile droplets on the smooth, bumpy, and cavity PDMS surfaces results in the same contact angle, from 110°-124° to ∼91°. The results suggest that all three surfaces have the same stable wetting states after vibration and that water droplets pin in the smooth area of the rough PDMS surfaces. This conclusion is supported by visual inspection of the contact lines before and after vibration. The importance of pinning location rather than surface energy on the contact angle is discussed. The dewetting of the water droplet was studied by examining the receding motion of the contact line by evaporating the sessile droplets of a very dilute rhodamine dye solution on these surfaces. The results reveal that the contact line is dragged by the bumps as it recedes, whereas dragging is not visible on the smooth and the cavity surfaces. The drag created by the bumps toward the wetting and dewetting process is also visible in the velocity-dependent advancing and receding contact angle experiments.
1155. Kaplan, S.L, and P.W. Rose, “Plasma surface treatment,” in Coatings Technology Handbook, 3rd Ed., Tracton, A.A., ed., CRC Press, Aug 2005.
186. Kaplan, S.L., “Cold gas plasma treatment for re-engineering films,” Paper Film & Foil Converter, 71, 70-74, (Jun 1997).
187. Kaplan, S.L., “Applications for plasma surface treatment in the medical industry,” Adhesives & Sealants Industry, 7, 36-39, (Apr 2000).
500. Kaplan, S.L., “Plasma pretreatment for the painting of plastics,” in Decorating Div. ANTEC 95, Society of Plastics Engineers, 1995.
501. Kaplan, S.L., “Plastics and plasma surface treatment,” in Decorating and Joining of Plastics RETEC, Society of Plastics Engineers, Sep 1995.
1016. Kaplan, S.L., “What is gas plasma and should you care?,” in ANTEC '98, 2667-2671 V3, Society of Plastics Engineers, Apr 1998.
1516. Kaplan, S.L., “Cold gas plasma treatment of films, webs and fabrics,” in 41st Annual Technical Conference Proceedings, 345-348, Society of Vacuum Coaters, 1998.
2145. Kaplan, S.L., “Plasma: The chemistry tool for the 21st century,” http://www.4thstate.com/publications/21stCentury.htm, 2006.
2149. Kaplan, S.L., “Plasma processes for wide fabric, film and non-wovens,” Surface and Coatings Technology, 186, 214-217, (May 2004).
To many people, plasma is a laboratory curiosity or limited in scale. Few know that plasma is a commercial process used daily in the treatment of fabrics, non-woven webs and film. This paper reviews applications and processes used to modify materials up to 60 in. in width in a roll-to-roll plasma system. The applications are quite varied. Sometimes, the process is simply to change the surface energy, while at other times, far more sophisticated processes, such as plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) processes, are employed to provide a chemical barrier or alter the tribological properties. As will be seen in this review presentation, plasma is extremely versatile and applicable to high-volume web applications.
2150. Kaplan, S.L., “Cold gas plasmas and silanes,” http://www.4thstate.com/publications/Cold%20Gas%20Plasma%20and%20Silanes, Jun 2003.
2325. Kaplan, S.L., E.S. Lopata, and J. Smith, “Plasma processes and adhesive bonding of polytetrafluoroethylene,” Surface and Interface Analysis, 20, 331-336, (1993).
2143. Kaplan, S.L., F.S. Lopata, and J. Smith, “Plasma processes and adhesive bonding of polytetrafluoroethylene,” Surface and Interface Analysis, 20, 331-336, (1993).
2142. Kaplan, S.L., P.W. Rose, P.H. Sorlien, and O. Styrmo, “Commercial plasma processes for enhanced paintability of TPO auto fascia,” http://www.4thstate.com/publications/CommercialPlasma.htm, 2006.
1439. Kaplan, S.L., and D.J. Naab, “PSAs tenaciously bond to non-stick film after plasma treatment,” Adhesives and Sealants Industry, 8, 40-42, (Feb 2001).
185. Kaplan, S.L., and P.W. Rose, “Plasma treatment upgrades adhesion in plastic parts,” Plastics Engineering, 44, 77-79, (May 1988).
760. Kaplan, S.L., and P.W. Rose, “Plasma surface treatment,” in Coatings Technology Handbook, Satas, D., ed., 295-301, Marcel Dekker, 1991 (also in Coatings Technology Handbook, 2nd Ed., D. Satas and A.A. Tracton, eds., p. 351-357, Marcel Dekker, Jan 2001, and Coatings Technology: Fundamentals, Testing, and Processing Techniques, A.A. Tracton, ed., p. 40/1-40/6, CRC Press, Oct 2006).
1453. Kaplan, S.L., and P.W. Rose, “Plasma surface treatment of plastics to enhance adhesion,” Intl. J. Adhesion and Adhesives, 11, 109-113, (Apr 1991).
1456. Kaplan, S.L., and P.W. Rose, “Plasma surface treatment of plastics to enhance adhesion,” in Adhesion '90, 4/1-4/7, Sep 1990.
1469. Kaplan, S.L., and P.W. Rose, “Plasma surface treatment,” in Coatings Technology: Fundamentals, Testing, and Processing Techniques, Tracton, A.A., ed., 40/1-40/6, CRC Press, Oct 2006.
2147. Kaplan, S.L., and W.P. Hansen, “Gas plasma treatment of Kevlar and Spectra fabrics for advanced composites,” http://www.4thstate.com/publications/, 1999.
2218. Kaplan, S.L., and W.P. Hansen, “Plasma - the environmentally safe method to prepare plastics and composites for adhesive bonding and painting,” Presented at SAMPE Environmental Symposium, May 1991.
2866. Karbowiak, T., F. Debeaufort, and A. Voilley, “Importance of surface tension characterization for food, pharmaceutical and packaging products: A review,” Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 46, 391-407, (2006).
This article reviews the various theoretical approaches that have been developed for determination of the surface tension of solids, and the applications to food industrial products. The surface tension of a solid is a characteristic of surface properties and interfacial interactions such as adsorption, wetting or adhesion. The knowledge of surface tension is thus of great interest for every domain involved in understanding these mechanisms, which recover a lot of industrial investigations. Indeed, it is the case for the packaging industry, the food materials science, the biomedical applications and the pharmaceutical products, cleaning, adhesive technology, painting, coating and more generally all fields in relation with wettability of their systems. There is however no direct method for measurements of surface tension of solids, except the contact angle measurements combined with an appropriate theoretical approach are indirect methods for estimation of surface tension of solids. Moreover, since the publication by Young (1805) who developed the basis of the theory of contact angle some two hundred years ago, measurements and interpretations are still discussed in scientific literature, pointing out the need to better understand the fundamental mechanisms of solid-liquid interfacial interactions. Applications of surface tension characterization in the field of food materials science are detailed, especially for packaging and coating applications, which recover different actual orientations in order to improve process and quality.
1807. Kasai, H., M. Kogoma, T. Moriwaki, and S. Okazaki, “Surface structure estimation by plasma fluorination of amorphous carbon, diamond, graphite and plastic film surfaces,” J. Physics D: Applied Physics, 19, L225-L228, (1986).
1455. Kasemura, T., S. Ozawa, and K. Hattori, “Surface modification of fluorinated polymers by microwave plasmas,” J. Adhesion, 33, 33-44, (Nov 1990).
2813. Kasson, A., and F. Fiddler, “Effects of surface treatment on adhesion for plastic components,” Plastics Decorating, 40-42, (May 2020).
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