Critical Surface Tension, Surface Free Energy, Contact Angles with Water, and Hansen Solubility Parameters for Various Polymers

Name(1) ↓↑ CAS #(2) ↓↑ γc(3) ↓↑ γS(4) ↓↑ dγ/dt(5) ↓↑ θWY(6) ↓↑ θWA(7) ↓↑ θWR(8) ↓↑ dθW (9) ↓↑ δ(10) ↓↑ δD(11) ↓↑ δP(12) ↓↑ δH(13) ↓↑ Ro(14) ↓↑
Aluminum foil (f) 7429-90-5 - 41.2 - 81.3 - - - - - - - -
  2.47(2) 4.60(2) - - - - - - - -
Amorphous fluoropolymer (Teflon AF) - - - - - 117.5 90.3 27.1 - - - - -
  5.67(5) 3.42(5) 9.13(5)
Aramid (Kevlar) 26125-61-1 - 45.7 - - 63.7 - - - - - - -
  1.76(3) 3.54(2)
Cellophane 9005-81-6 - 45.4 - - - - - 28.5 16.1 18.5 14.5 9.3
  -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) 9004-36-8 - 34.0 - - - - - 22.2 17.2 13.8 2.8 12.6
  -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Eicosane 112-95-8 - 28.9 -0.0833(c) - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Ethyl cellulose 9004-57-3 - 30.3 - - 84.5 - - 20.4 19.0 5.6 4.9 7.9
  2.40(2) -(1) 1.56(2) 1.84(2) 1.41(2) 2.83(2)
Ethyl methacrylate (EMA) 97-63-2 - 42.0 - - 74.0 - - - - - - -
  1.06(2) -(1)
Ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer (EPDM) 25038-36-2 - 32.5 - 91.0 - - - - - - - -
  4.31(2) -(1)
2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA, ethylene glycol monoacrylate) 867-77-9 - 56.8 - - 59.0 - - - - - - -
  1.20(2) -(1)
Nafion 31175-20-9 - - - - 90.5 - - - - - - -
  4.80(4)
Nitrocellulose (cellulose nitrate) 9004-70-0 - 42.7 - - 54.7 20.0 34.7 23.5 16.2 14.1 9.5 10.7
  4.10(3) 11.0(3) 22.5(3) 12.1(3) 1.06(2) 0.85(2) 1.06(2) 1.13(2)
Nylon 2 (polyglycine) 25718-94-9 - 50.1 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Nylon 4 24938-56-5 - 48.5 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Nylon 6,10 9008-66-6 - 40.5 - - 71.0 - - - - - - -
  -(1) -(1)
Nylon 6,12 24936-74-1 - 67.0 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Phenoxy resin 26402-79-9 - 43.0 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polyacetylene (polyethyne) - - 51.5 - 72.0 - - - - - - - -
  0.71(2) -(1)
Poly(L-alanine) 25191-17-7 - 45.2 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Poly iso-butyl methacrylate (PIBMA) 9011-15-8 - 30.9 -0.060(b) - - - - 20.0 18.3 4.9 6.3 9.4
  0.00(2) 2.11(3) 0.93(3) 5.12(3) 2.10(3)
Polybutylene isophthalate - - 47.8 -0.080(c) - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) 26062-94-2 - 46.3 - - 84.0 - - - - - - -
  0.51(5) 0.00(2)
Polydiethylsiloxane (PDES) 63148-61-8 - 25.7 -0.073(c) - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) - - 36.0 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) 29658-26-2 - 42.1 - 91.0 85.0 55.0 30.0 - - - - -
  -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polyetherimide (PEI) 61128-46-9 - - - 76.5 - - - 19.8 17.7 6.0 6.4 4.8
  12.0(2) 1.07(5) 1.14(5) 2.43(5) 1.70(5)
Polyethersulfone (PES) 25154-01-2 - 47.0 - 68.5 - - - 21.0 18.3 8.2 6.4 6.3
  -(1) 0.71(2) 0.91(6) 3.10(6) 2.33(6) 2.61(6)
Poly 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate 25719-51-1 - 28.8 -0.062(c) - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Poly(heptadecafluorooctyl methacrylate) - - 15.3 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Poly(heptafluoroisopropyl acrylate) - - 14.0 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Poly(heptafluoroisopropyl methacrylate) - - 15.0 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Poly(hexachlorobutadiene) - - 41.5 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polyimide (PI) 25038-81-7 - 43.8 - 71.5 79.9 48.0 31.3 - - - - -
  6.80(4) 2.07(6) 5.01(8) 12.2(8) 10.4(8)
Polyisoprene (PIP) 9003-31-0 - 32.3 - - - - - 18.4 18.1 2.4 2.3 10.3
  1.53(3) 2.32(3) 1.40(3) 2.66(3) 3.40(3)
Poly(4-methyl pentene-1) - - 25.0 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Poly a-methyl styrene 25014-31-7 - 38.7 -0.058(b) - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polymethylphenylsiloxane 9005-12-3 - 26.1 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polymethylphenylsilylene - - 43.7 - - - - - - - - - -
  0.57(2)
Poly(nonafluoroisobutyl acrylate) - - 14.0 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polypropylene isophthalate - - 49.3 -0.083(c) - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF) 25190-06-1 - 31.9 - - - - - - - - - -
  0.00(2)
Polytetramethylene oxide - - 32.8 - - - - - - - - - -
  1.27(2)
Polyurethanes - - 37.5 - 77.5 83.1 35.5 47.4 22.8 18.8 10.0 8.2 9.8
  4.01(11) 7.52(8) 14.2(9) 16.3(9) 21.7(9) 1.53(11) 2.54(11) 3.09(11) 3.48(11)
Polyvinyl butyrate - - 31.1 -0.070(c) - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polyvinyl decanoate - - 28.9 -0.062(c) - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polyvinyl dodecanoate - - 29.1 -0.063(c) - - - - - - - - -
 
Polyvinyl ethyl ether (polyethoxyethylene) 25104-37-4 - 36.0 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polyvinyl hexadecanoate - - 30.9 -0.066(c) - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polyvinyl hexanoate - - 28.9 -0.063(c) - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polyvinyl octanoate - - 28.7 -0.061(c) - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polyvinyl proprionate 25035-84-1 - 34.0 -0.072(c) - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) 9003-39-8 - 46.0 - - - - - - - - - -
  3.61(2)
Polyxylylene (parylene) - - 46.3 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) - - 30.9 - - 101.5 79.0 22.5 - - - - -
  3.45(11) 3.54(2) 7.07(2) 3.54(2)
Poly(phosphazene) - 16.5 15.8 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1) 0.35(2)
Poly(hexafluoropropylene) - 16.9 15.9 - 112.0 - - - - - - - -
  0.96(3) 2.67(4) -(1)
Poly t-butyl methacrylate (PtBMA) 25189-00-9 18.1 30.5 -0.059(b) 108.1 - - - - - - - -
  -(1) 0.00(2) -(1)
Fluorinated ethylene polypropylene (FEP) 25067-11-2 19.1 18.5 - 105.7 112.7 98.5 14.8 19.6 19.0 4.0 3.0 4.0
  1.27(2) 2.25(7) 4.54(6) 5.03(4) 5.28(4) 1.31(3) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 9002-84-0 19.4 21.8 -0.058(c) 109.4 108.9 96.0 14.3 16.7 16.2 1.8 3.4 3.9
  1.49(8) 3.24(35) 5.70(17) 7.06(8) 8.72(3) 10.6(3) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) 9016-00-6 20.1 20.4 -0.048(b) 107.8 107.0 69.1 39.3 - - - - -
  3.17(7) 1.54(26) 8.78(3) 4.44(9) 7.10(7) 3.73(7)
Hexatriacontane 630-06-8 20.6 22.8 -0.066(c) 108.2 109.0 - - - - - - -
  1.30(6) 5.03(9) 4.03(2) -(1)
Polystearyl methacrylate 25639-21-8 20.8 36.3 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1) -(1)
Polylauryl methacrylate 25719-52-2 21.3 32.8 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1) -(1)
Polyoctyl methacrylate - 23.5 - - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Paraffin 8002-74-2 24.8 27.9 -0.060(c) 109.3 108.5 96.0 11.0 - - - - -
  6.53(3) 3.96(12) 1.84(2) 2.12(2) -(1) -(1)
Polytrifluoroethylene 24980-67-4 26.5 26.5 - 92.0 - - - - - - - -
  3.99(3) 2.79(7) -(1)
Polyisobutylene (PIB, butyl rubber) 9003-27-4 27.0 33.2 -0.064(b) - 112.1 - - 17.1 16.4 1.7 4.7 7.9
  0.00(2) 3.21(10) -(1) 1.26(6) 2.15(6) 2.08(6) 2.46(6)
Poly(hexyl methacrylate) 25087-17-6 27.5 30.0 -0.062(c) - - - - - - - - -
  -(1) 0.00(2)
Polyvinyl butyral 63148-65-2 28.0 38.0 - - - - - 24.6 19.1 9.5 12.2 10.0
  -(1) -(1) 0.92(3) 4.50(3) 1.65(3) 1.53(3)
Polybutadiene 9003-17-2 29.3 45.9 -0.144(d) 96.0 - - - 18.0 17.5 2.3 3.4 6.6
  3.79(3) 3.89(2) -0.110(e) 1.41(2) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Poly n-butyl acrylate 9003-49-0 29.5 32.8 -0.070(c) - - - - - - - - -
  2.12(2) 1.82(3)
Poly n-butyl methacrylate (PnBMA) 25608-33-7 29.8 33.1 -0.059(b) 91.0 - - - 18.4 16.0 6.2 6.6 9.5
  1.94(3) 2.70(12) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polypropylene (PP) (a) 30.5 30.2 -0.058(b) 94.9 107.3 89.0 20.2 18.0 17.7 2.9 1.2 6.2
  1.50(3) 2.77(32) 5.29(11) 7.75(15) 5.73(6) 2.72(6) 0.46(2) 2.80(2) 1.71(2) 1.76(2)
Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) 9002-83-9 30.8 30.7 -0.067(c) 90.0 104.0 72.0 32.0 16.5 15.6 2.5 4.7 5.8
  1.34(4) 3.79(7) -(1) 0.00(2) 7.07(2) 7.07(2) 2.10(3) 1.46(3) 2.44(3) 1.56(3)
Poly 2-ethylhexyl acrylate 9003-77-4 31.0 29.7 -0.070(c) - - - - - - - - -
  -(1) 0.71(2)
Polyethylene (PE) 9002-88-4 31.6 33.5 -0.057(b) 94.9 97.2 83.1 13.9 17.6 16.8 3.8 3.8 6.6
  2.05(21) 3.02(62) 6.96(27) 5.80(26) 10.7(9) 8.66(9) 0.88(7) 1.94(7) 2.52(7) 2.84(7)
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) 24937-79-9 31.6 31.5 - 86.0 93.4 91.0 1.0 23.2 17.0 12.1 10.2 4.1
  5.83(5) 5.29(13) 4.00(3) 1.98(2) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Nylon 10,10 - 32.0 - - - 94.0 - - - - - - -
  -(1) -(1)
Poly n-propyl methacrylate 2210-79-9 32.0 33.2 -0.065(c) - - - - - - - - -
  -(1) -(1)
Polypropylene glycol (PPG, polypropylene oxide) 25322-69-4 32.0 30.6 -0.079(b) - - - - - - - - -
  -(1) 2.36(7)
Polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) 24981-14-4 32.7 36.4 - 82.5 88.6 - - - - - - -
  4.66(4) 4.07(14) 3.54(2) -(1)
Polyethyl methacrylate (PEMA) 9003-42-3 32.8 34.0 -0.070(c) - - - - 20.0 17.5 8.5 4.7 9.6
  0.90(4) 2.50(7) 1.34(3) 0.62(3) 3.82(3) 1.99(3)
Nylon 8,8 - 34.0 - - - 86.0 - - - - - - -
  -(1) -(1)
Nylon 9,9 - 34.0 - - - 86.0 - - - - - - -
  -(1) -(1)
Polyethyl acrylate (PEA) 9003-32-1 34.0 35.1 -0.070(c) - - - - - - - - -
  1.41(2) 1.47(6)
Polystyrene (PS) 9003-53-6 34.0 38.3 -0.072(b) 85.3 88.5 81.8 10.0 23.9 22.8 5.8 4.3 12.7
  4.27(18) 5.23(32) 6.08(8) 5.75(15) 3.86(4) 2.65(3) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polyacrylamide 9003-05-8 34.3 52.3 - - - - - - - - - -
  4.60(2) -(1)
Polyepichlorohydrin 24969-06-0 35.0 43.2 - - - - - - - - - -
  0.00(2) -(1)
Polyphenyl methacrylate - 35.0 - - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polyvinyl acetate (PVA) 9003-20-7 35.3 38.5 -0.066(b) 60.6 - - - 25.7 20.9 11.3 9.7 13.7
  2.08(3) 2.75(14) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Nylon 11 25587-80-8 35.6 34.0 - - 82.0 - - 20.5 17.0 4.4 10.6 5.1
  4.40(8) -(1) 9.90(2) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polybenzyl methacrylate (PBMA) 25085-83-0 36.0 - - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) 24249-16-5 37.0 - - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polyoxymethylene (POM, polyacetal, polymethylene oxide) 24969-26-4 37.0 38.6 - 74.5 79.0 54.0 25.0 - - - - -
  1.41(2) 5.68(3) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) 25213-24-5 37.0 44.2 - 51.0 - - - 25.2 14.7 14.1 14.9 10.5
  -(1) 6.56(4) -(1) 2.51(4) 2.13(4) 2.18(4) 1.38(4)
Nylon 12 24937-16-4 37.1 39.3 - - 72.4 56.5 20.5 22.2 18.5 8.1 9.1 6.3
  8.63(2) 3.02(3) 5.37(3) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Cellulose acetate (CA) 9004-35-7 37.5 41.1 - 54.5 - - - 23.5 17.1 13.1 9.4 10.6
  2.12(2) 3.37(5) -(1) 1.58(4) 4.41(4) 3.81(4) 2.96(4)
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, acrylic, plexiglas) 9011-14-7 37.5 41.8 -0.076(b) 69.1 74.7 54.2 18.4 21.3 17.9 10.1 5.4 11.0
  4.68(12) 3.63(38) 6.08(17) 10.2(8) 5.44(2) 1.98(2) 1.37(5) 4.46(5) 3.73(5) 4.63(5)
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 9002-86-2 37.9 40.1 - 83.2 91.9 75.3 - 20.0 16.8 8.9 6.1 8.5
  7.05(11) 3.66(22) 10.3(8) 7.88(3) -(1) 1.65(5) 1.95(5) 1.78(5) 3.94(5)
Polychloroprene 9010-98-4 38.0 40.9 -0.086(b) - - - - - - - - -
  0.00(2) 3.63(7)
Polymethyl acrylate (PMA) 25087-26-7 38.0 39.8 -0.070(c) - - - - - - - - -
  4.24(2) 2.21(9)
Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) 26125-40-6 38.0 46.8 - 80.3 - - - 19.8 18.7 5.3 3.7 6.7
  -(1) 3.29(3) 1.53(3) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) 9003-56-9 38.5 42.0 - 89.7 72.0 - - 19.2 17.0 5.7 6.8 9.4
  -(1) 4.70(8) -(1) -(1) 0.92(2) 4.17(2) 0.49(2) 2.19(2)
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) 25038-59-9 39.0 44.0 -0.065(c) 72.0 73.0 54.5 20.0 20.8 18.7 6.3 6.7 6.5
  5.71(11) 3.85(28) 6.33(17) 7.32(17) 5.77(8) 11.0(8) 1.25(8) 2.03(8) 2.80(8) 3.36(8)
Polymethacrylonitrile (PMAN) 25067-61-2 39.0 42.3 - - - - - 23.7 17.2 14.4 7.6 3.8
  -(1) 3.08(3) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polyvinyl formal 63450-15-7 39.0 - - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC, Saran) 9002-85-1 40.2 43.7 - 80.0 - - - 23.1 19.0 9.6 9.0 5.8
  3.89(4) 2.81(9) -(1) 1.98(2) 0.64(2) 1.70(2) 2.62(2)
Polysulfone (PSU) 25135-51-7 42.1 44.9 - 75.0 66.0 - - 21.5 18.5 8.5 7.0 9.4
  1.48(2) 2.47(2) -(1) -(1) 2.17(3) 2.61(3) 1.12(3) 1.69(3)
Nylon 6,6 32131-17-2 42.2 44.3 -0.065(c) 67.6 69.3 40.9 27.6 25.8 17.2 9.9 16.5 4.4
  4.50(12) 3.62(18) 4.94(7) 2.91(5) -(1) -(1) 1.11 1.10 6.80 1.24
Nylon 7,7 - 43.0 - - - 70.0 - - - - - - -
  -(1) -(1)
Polyethylene oxide (PEO, PEG, polyethylene glycol) 25322-68-3 43.0 43.1 -0.095(c) 63.0 - - - - - - - -
  -(1) 2.07(16) -(1)
Nylon 6 (polycaprolactum, aramid 6) 25038-54-4 43.9 45.4 - - 65.5 42.4 26.8 20.3 17.0 3.4 10.6 5.1
  2.42(3) 3.52(6) 4.27(7) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polycarbonate (PC) 24936-68-3 44.0 42.3 -0.060(c) 81.3 84.0 68.0 16.0 22.2 19.6 8.8 5.7 10.2
  2.83(2) 5.32(7) 5.77(3) -(1) -(1) -(1) 1.75(3) 2.58(3) 1.04(3) 4.06(3)
Epoxies - 44.5 45.3 - 54.0 87.5 - - 24.1 19.2 10.9 9.6 11.1
  0.71(2) 4.21(6) -(1) 3.54(2) 2.53(13) 2.37(13) 2.66(13) 3.98(13)
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) 25014-41-9 47.0 46.8 - - - - - 27.4 21.7 14.1 9.1 10.9
  4.24(2) 6.62(4) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polyphenylene oxide (PPO) 25134-01-4 47.0 46.0 - - - - - 19.3 16.9 8.9 2.7 11.7
  -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Cellulose triacetate 9012-09-3 48.8 - - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)

(a) Atactic PP CAS #9003-08-0; isotactic PP CAS #25085-53-4.To top of page

(b) S. Wu, J. Macromol. Sci., C10, 1 (1974).To top of page

(c) S. Wu, in Polymer Handbook, 3rd Ed., J. Brandrup and E.H. Immergut, eds., Wiley-Interscience, New York, NY, 1989, p. VI: 414-426.To top of page

(d) Polybutadiene data for carboxyl end group; S. Wu, in Polymer Handbook, 3rd Ed., J. Brandrup and E.H. Immergut, eds., Wiley-Interscience, New York, NY, 1989, p. VI: 414-426.To top of page

(e) Polybutadiene data for methyl ester end group; S. Wu, in Polymer Handbook, 3rd Ed., J. Brandrup and E.H. Immergut, eds., Wiley-Interscience, New York, NY, 1989, p. VI: 414-426.To top of page

(f) Aluminum foil, while obviously not a polymer, is included due to its widespread use in package converting and other industries.To top of page

(1) Names which are most widely used to describe the material or family of materials (e.g., polyurethanes and epoxies) at hand are preferred here. Commonly used acronyms and synonyms are also shown.To top of page

(2) CAS (Chemical Abstract Series) numbers are shown where available. In a number of instances, more than one CAS number is assigned to a given polymer — in some cases the details and nuances of these divergences are not at all clear. We have tried to reference the CAS number which appears to have the widest use with reference to the solid state properties of the given polymer.To top of page

(3) γc: Critical surface tension in mJ/m2 (equivalent to dynes/cm), generally determined by the Zisman method (regression of the cosine of the contact angle), or by the wetting tension method (using solutions of 2-ethoxyethanol and formamide, per ASTM Std. D-2578).To top of page

(4) γs: Surface free energy in mJ/m2 (equivalent to dynes/cm), as measured, estimated, and calculated by a wide variety of methods and theories.To top of page

(5) dγ/dt: Change in surface energy in mJ/m2 (equivalent to dynes/cm) per degree Kelvin (or Celsius). To top of page

(6) θWY: Equilibrium (or Young's) contact angle with water, in degrees.To top of page

(7) θWA: Advancing contact angle with water, in degrees.To top of page

(8) θWR: Retreating contact angle with water, in degrees.To top of page

(9) dθW: Contact angle hysteresis (difference between advancing and retreating) with water, in degrees.To top of page

(10) δ: Total Hansen solubility parameter (square root of the sum of squares of the average values for dispersion, polar, and hydrogen bonding components), in MPa1/2 (equivalent to joules/cubic centimeter; 2.0455 x (cal/cc)1/2) @ 20-25oC (293.15-298.15 K). All data from Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd Ed., C.M. Hansen, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2007.To top of page

(11) δD: Hansen dispersion solubility parameter, in MPa1/2 (equivalent to joules/cubic centimeter; 2.0455 x (cal/cc)1/2) @ 20-25oC (293.15-298.15 K). All data from Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd Ed., C.M. Hansen, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2007.To top of page

(12) δP: Hansen polar solubility parameter, in MPa1/2 (equivalent to joules/cubic centimeter; 2.0455 x (cal/cc)1/2) @ 20-25oC (293.15-298.15 K). All data from Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd Ed., C.M. Hansen, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2007.To top of page

(13) δH: Hansen hydrogen bonding solubility parameter, in MPa1/2 (equivalent to joules/cubic centimeter; 2.0455 x (cal/cc)1/2) @ 20-25oC (293.15-298.15 K). All data from Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd Ed., C.M. Hansen, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2007.To top of page

(14) Ro: Interaction radius. All data from Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd Ed., C.M. Hansen, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2007.To top of page