Critical Surface Tension, Surface Free Energy, Contact Angles with Water, and Hansen Solubility Parameters for Various Polymers

Name(1) ↓↑ CAS #(2) ↓↑ γc(3) ↓↑ γS(4) ↓↑ dγ/dt(5) ↓↑ θWY(6) ↓↑ θWA(7) ↓↑ θWR(8) ↓↑ dθW (9) ↓↑ δ(10) ↓↑ δD(11) ↓↑ δP(12) ↓↑ δH(13) ↓↑ Ro(14) ↓↑
Aluminum foil (f) 7429-90-5 - 41.2 - 81.3 - - - - - - - -
  2.47(2) 4.60(2) - - - - - - - -
Cellophane 9005-81-6 - 45.4 - - - - - 28.5 16.1 18.5 14.5 9.3
  -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Cellulose acetate (CA) 9004-35-7 37.5 41.1 - 54.5 - - - 23.5 17.1 13.1 9.4 10.6
  2.12(2) 3.37(5) -(1) 1.58(4) 4.41(4) 3.81(4) 2.96(4)
Cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) 9004-36-8 - 34.0 - - - - - 22.2 17.2 13.8 2.8 12.6
  -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Cellulose triacetate 9012-09-3 48.8 - - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Eicosane 112-95-8 - 28.9 -0.0833(c) - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer (EPDM) 25038-36-2 - 32.5 - 91.0 - - - - - - - -
  4.31(2) -(1)
Nylon 2 (polyglycine) 25718-94-9 - 50.1 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Nylon 4 24938-56-5 - 48.5 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Nylon 6,12 24936-74-1 - 67.0 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Phenoxy resin 26402-79-9 - 43.0 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polyacetylene (polyethyne) - - 51.5 - 72.0 - - - - - - - -
  0.71(2) -(1)
Polyacrylamide 9003-05-8 34.3 52.3 - - - - - - - - - -
  4.60(2) -(1)
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) 25014-41-9 47.0 46.8 - - - - - 27.4 21.7 14.1 9.1 10.9
  4.24(2) 6.62(4) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Poly(L-alanine) 25191-17-7 - 45.2 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polybenzyl methacrylate (PBMA) 25085-83-0 36.0 - - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polybutadiene 9003-17-2 29.3 45.9 -0.144(d) 96.0 - - - 18.0 17.5 2.3 3.4 6.6
  3.79(3) 3.89(2) -0.110(e) 1.41(2) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Poly n-butyl acrylate 9003-49-0 29.5 32.8 -0.070(c) - - - - - - - - -
  2.12(2) 1.82(3)
Poly iso-butyl methacrylate (PIBMA) 9011-15-8 - 30.9 -0.060(b) - - - - 20.0 18.3 4.9 6.3 9.4
  0.00(2) 2.11(3) 0.93(3) 5.12(3) 2.10(3)
Poly n-butyl methacrylate (PnBMA) 25608-33-7 29.8 33.1 -0.059(b) 91.0 - - - 18.4 16.0 6.2 6.6 9.5
  1.94(3) 2.70(12) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Poly t-butyl methacrylate (PtBMA) 25189-00-9 18.1 30.5 -0.059(b) 108.1 - - - - - - - -
  -(1) 0.00(2) -(1)
Polybutylene isophthalate - - 47.8 -0.080(c) - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polychloroprene 9010-98-4 38.0 40.9 -0.086(b) - - - - - - - - -
  0.00(2) 3.63(7)
Polydiethylsiloxane (PDES) 63148-61-8 - 25.7 -0.073(c) - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) - - 36.0 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polyepichlorohydrin 24969-06-0 35.0 43.2 - - - - - - - - - -
  0.00(2) -(1)
Polyetherimide (PEI) 61128-46-9 - - - 76.5 - - - 19.8 17.7 6.0 6.4 4.8
  12.0(2) 1.07(5) 1.14(5) 2.43(5) 1.70(5)
Polyethersulfone (PES) 25154-01-2 - 47.0 - 68.5 - - - 21.0 18.3 8.2 6.4 6.3
  -(1) 0.71(2) 0.91(6) 3.10(6) 2.33(6) 2.61(6)
Polyethyl acrylate (PEA) 9003-32-1 34.0 35.1 -0.070(c) - - - - - - - - -
  1.41(2) 1.47(6)
Polyethyl methacrylate (PEMA) 9003-42-3 32.8 34.0 -0.070(c) - - - - 20.0 17.5 8.5 4.7 9.6
  0.90(4) 2.50(7) 1.34(3) 0.62(3) 3.82(3) 1.99(3)
Poly 2-ethylhexyl acrylate 9003-77-4 31.0 29.7 -0.070(c) - - - - - - - - -
  -(1) 0.71(2)
Poly 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate 25719-51-1 - 28.8 -0.062(c) - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polyethylene oxide (PEO, PEG, polyethylene glycol) 25322-68-3 43.0 43.1 -0.095(c) 63.0 - - - - - - - -
  -(1) 2.07(16) -(1)
Poly(heptadecafluorooctyl methacrylate) - - 15.3 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Poly(heptafluoroisopropyl acrylate) - - 14.0 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Poly(heptafluoroisopropyl methacrylate) - - 15.0 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Poly(hexachlorobutadiene) - - 41.5 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Poly(hexafluoropropylene) - 16.9 15.9 - 112.0 - - - - - - - -
  0.96(3) 2.67(4) -(1)
Poly(hexyl methacrylate) 25087-17-6 27.5 30.0 -0.062(c) - - - - - - - - -
  -(1) 0.00(2)
Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) 24249-16-5 37.0 - - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polyisoprene (PIP) 9003-31-0 - 32.3 - - - - - 18.4 18.1 2.4 2.3 10.3
  1.53(3) 2.32(3) 1.40(3) 2.66(3) 3.40(3)
Polylauryl methacrylate 25719-52-2 21.3 32.8 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1) -(1)
Polymethacrylonitrile (PMAN) 25067-61-2 39.0 42.3 - - - - - 23.7 17.2 14.4 7.6 3.8
  -(1) 3.08(3) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polymethyl acrylate (PMA) 25087-26-7 38.0 39.8 -0.070(c) - - - - - - - - -
  4.24(2) 2.21(9)
Poly(4-methyl pentene-1) - - 25.0 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Poly a-methyl styrene 25014-31-7 - 38.7 -0.058(b) - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polymethylphenylsiloxane 9005-12-3 - 26.1 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polymethylphenylsilylene - - 43.7 - - - - - - - - - -
  0.57(2)
Poly(nonafluoroisobutyl acrylate) - - 14.0 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polyoctyl methacrylate - 23.5 - - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polyphenyl methacrylate - 35.0 - - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polyphenylene oxide (PPO) 25134-01-4 47.0 46.0 - - - - - 19.3 16.9 8.9 2.7 11.7
  -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) 26125-40-6 38.0 46.8 - 80.3 - - - 19.8 18.7 5.3 3.7 6.7
  -(1) 3.29(3) 1.53(3) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Poly(phosphazene) - 16.5 15.8 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1) 0.35(2)
Poly n-propyl methacrylate 2210-79-9 32.0 33.2 -0.065(c) - - - - - - - - -
  -(1) -(1)
Polypropylene glycol (PPG, polypropylene oxide) 25322-69-4 32.0 30.6 -0.079(b) - - - - - - - - -
  -(1) 2.36(7)
Polypropylene isophthalate - - 49.3 -0.083(c) - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polystearyl methacrylate 25639-21-8 20.8 36.3 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1) -(1)
Polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF) 25190-06-1 - 31.9 - - - - - - - - - -
  0.00(2)
Polytetramethylene oxide - - 32.8 - - - - - - - - - -
  1.27(2)
Polytrifluoroethylene 24980-67-4 26.5 26.5 - 92.0 - - - - - - - -
  3.99(3) 2.79(7) -(1)
Polyvinyl acetate (PVA) 9003-20-7 35.3 38.5 -0.066(b) 60.6 - - - 25.7 20.9 11.3 9.7 13.7
  2.08(3) 2.75(14) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) 25213-24-5 37.0 44.2 - 51.0 - - - 25.2 14.7 14.1 14.9 10.5
  -(1) 6.56(4) -(1) 2.51(4) 2.13(4) 2.18(4) 1.38(4)
Polyvinyl butyral 63148-65-2 28.0 38.0 - - - - - 24.6 19.1 9.5 12.2 10.0
  -(1) -(1) 0.92(3) 4.50(3) 1.65(3) 1.53(3)
Polyvinyl butyrate - - 31.1 -0.070(c) - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polyvinyl decanoate - - 28.9 -0.062(c) - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polyvinyl dodecanoate - - 29.1 -0.063(c) - - - - - - - - -
 
Polyvinyl ethyl ether (polyethoxyethylene) 25104-37-4 - 36.0 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polyvinyl formal 63450-15-7 39.0 - - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polyvinyl hexadecanoate - - 30.9 -0.066(c) - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polyvinyl hexanoate - - 28.9 -0.063(c) - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polyvinyl octanoate - - 28.7 -0.061(c) - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polyvinyl proprionate 25035-84-1 - 34.0 -0.072(c) - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) 9003-39-8 - 46.0 - - - - - - - - - -
  3.61(2)
Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC, Saran) 9002-85-1 40.2 43.7 - 80.0 - - - 23.1 19.0 9.6 9.0 5.8
  3.89(4) 2.81(9) -(1) 1.98(2) 0.64(2) 1.70(2) 2.62(2)
Polyxylylene (parylene) - - 46.3 - - - - - - - - - -
  -(1)
Nitrocellulose (cellulose nitrate) 9004-70-0 - 42.7 - - 54.7 20.0 34.7 23.5 16.2 14.1 9.5 10.7
  4.10(3) 11.0(3) 22.5(3) 12.1(3) 1.06(2) 0.85(2) 1.06(2) 1.13(2)
2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA, ethylene glycol monoacrylate) 867-77-9 - 56.8 - - 59.0 - - - - - - -
  1.20(2) -(1)
Aramid (Kevlar) 26125-61-1 - 45.7 - - 63.7 - - - - - - -
  1.76(3) 3.54(2)
Nylon 6 (polycaprolactum, aramid 6) 25038-54-4 43.9 45.4 - - 65.5 42.4 26.8 20.3 17.0 3.4 10.6 5.1
  2.42(3) 3.52(6) 4.27(7) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polysulfone (PSU) 25135-51-7 42.1 44.9 - 75.0 66.0 - - 21.5 18.5 8.5 7.0 9.4
  1.48(2) 2.47(2) -(1) -(1) 2.17(3) 2.61(3) 1.12(3) 1.69(3)
Nylon 6,6 32131-17-2 42.2 44.3 -0.065(c) 67.6 69.3 40.9 27.6 25.8 17.2 9.9 16.5 4.4
  4.50(12) 3.62(18) 4.94(7) 2.91(5) -(1) -(1) 1.11 1.10 6.80 1.24
Nylon 7,7 - 43.0 - - - 70.0 - - - - - - -
  -(1) -(1)
Nylon 6,10 9008-66-6 - 40.5 - - 71.0 - - - - - - -
  -(1) -(1)
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) 9003-56-9 38.5 42.0 - 89.7 72.0 - - 19.2 17.0 5.7 6.8 9.4
  -(1) 4.70(8) -(1) -(1) 0.92(2) 4.17(2) 0.49(2) 2.19(2)
Nylon 12 24937-16-4 37.1 39.3 - - 72.4 56.5 20.5 22.2 18.5 8.1 9.1 6.3
  8.63(2) 3.02(3) 5.37(3) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) 25038-59-9 39.0 44.0 -0.065(c) 72.0 73.0 54.5 20.0 20.8 18.7 6.3 6.7 6.5
  5.71(11) 3.85(28) 6.33(17) 7.32(17) 5.77(8) 11.0(8) 1.25(8) 2.03(8) 2.80(8) 3.36(8)
Ethyl methacrylate (EMA) 97-63-2 - 42.0 - - 74.0 - - - - - - -
  1.06(2) -(1)
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, acrylic, plexiglas) 9011-14-7 37.5 41.8 -0.076(b) 69.1 74.7 54.2 18.4 21.3 17.9 10.1 5.4 11.0
  4.68(12) 3.63(38) 6.08(17) 10.2(8) 5.44(2) 1.98(2) 1.37(5) 4.46(5) 3.73(5) 4.63(5)
Polyoxymethylene (POM, polyacetal, polymethylene oxide) 24969-26-4 37.0 38.6 - 74.5 79.0 54.0 25.0 - - - - -
  1.41(2) 5.68(3) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polyimide (PI) 25038-81-7 - 43.8 - 71.5 79.9 48.0 31.3 - - - - -
  6.80(4) 2.07(6) 5.01(8) 12.2(8) 10.4(8)
Nylon 11 25587-80-8 35.6 34.0 - - 82.0 - - 20.5 17.0 4.4 10.6 5.1
  4.40(8) -(1) 9.90(2) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polyurethanes - - 37.5 - 77.5 83.1 35.5 47.4 22.8 18.8 10.0 8.2 9.8
  4.01(11) 7.52(8) 14.2(9) 16.3(9) 21.7(9) 1.53(11) 2.54(11) 3.09(11) 3.48(11)
Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) 26062-94-2 - 46.3 - - 84.0 - - - - - - -
  0.51(5) 0.00(2)
Polycarbonate (PC) 24936-68-3 44.0 42.3 -0.060(c) 81.3 84.0 68.0 16.0 22.2 19.6 8.8 5.7 10.2
  2.83(2) 5.32(7) 5.77(3) -(1) -(1) -(1) 1.75(3) 2.58(3) 1.04(3) 4.06(3)
Ethyl cellulose 9004-57-3 - 30.3 - - 84.5 - - 20.4 19.0 5.6 4.9 7.9
  2.40(2) -(1) 1.56(2) 1.84(2) 1.41(2) 2.83(2)
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) 29658-26-2 - 42.1 - 91.0 85.0 55.0 30.0 - - - - -
  -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Nylon 8,8 - 34.0 - - - 86.0 - - - - - - -
  -(1) -(1)
Nylon 9,9 - 34.0 - - - 86.0 - - - - - - -
  -(1) -(1)
Epoxies - 44.5 45.3 - 54.0 87.5 - - 24.1 19.2 10.9 9.6 11.1
  0.71(2) 4.21(6) -(1) 3.54(2) 2.53(13) 2.37(13) 2.66(13) 3.98(13)
Polystyrene (PS) 9003-53-6 34.0 38.3 -0.072(b) 85.3 88.5 81.8 10.0 23.9 22.8 5.8 4.3 12.7
  4.27(18) 5.23(32) 6.08(8) 5.75(15) 3.86(4) 2.65(3) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) 24981-14-4 32.7 36.4 - 82.5 88.6 - - - - - - -
  4.66(4) 4.07(14) 3.54(2) -(1)
Nafion 31175-20-9 - - - - 90.5 - - - - - - -
  4.80(4)
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 9002-86-2 37.9 40.1 - 83.2 91.9 75.3 - 20.0 16.8 8.9 6.1 8.5
  7.05(11) 3.66(22) 10.3(8) 7.88(3) -(1) 1.65(5) 1.95(5) 1.78(5) 3.94(5)
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) 24937-79-9 31.6 31.5 - 86.0 93.4 91.0 1.0 23.2 17.0 12.1 10.2 4.1
  5.83(5) 5.29(13) 4.00(3) 1.98(2) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Nylon 10,10 - 32.0 - - - 94.0 - - - - - - -
  -(1) -(1)
Polyethylene (PE) 9002-88-4 31.6 33.5 -0.057(b) 94.9 97.2 83.1 13.9 17.6 16.8 3.8 3.8 6.6
  2.05(21) 3.02(62) 6.96(27) 5.80(26) 10.7(9) 8.66(9) 0.88(7) 1.94(7) 2.52(7) 2.84(7)
Thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) - - 30.9 - - 101.5 79.0 22.5 - - - - -
  3.45(11) 3.54(2) 7.07(2) 3.54(2)
Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) 9002-83-9 30.8 30.7 -0.067(c) 90.0 104.0 72.0 32.0 16.5 15.6 2.5 4.7 5.8
  1.34(4) 3.79(7) -(1) 0.00(2) 7.07(2) 7.07(2) 2.10(3) 1.46(3) 2.44(3) 1.56(3)
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) 9016-00-6 20.1 20.4 -0.048(b) 107.8 107.0 69.1 39.3 - - - - -
  3.17(7) 1.54(26) 8.78(3) 4.44(9) 7.10(7) 3.73(7)
Polypropylene (PP) (a) 30.5 30.2 -0.058(b) 94.9 107.3 89.0 20.2 18.0 17.7 2.9 1.2 6.2
  1.50(3) 2.77(32) 5.29(11) 7.75(15) 5.73(6) 2.72(6) 0.46(2) 2.80(2) 1.71(2) 1.76(2)
Paraffin 8002-74-2 24.8 27.9 -0.060(c) 109.3 108.5 96.0 11.0 - - - - -
  6.53(3) 3.96(12) 1.84(2) 2.12(2) -(1) -(1)
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 9002-84-0 19.4 21.8 -0.058(c) 109.4 108.9 96.0 14.3 16.7 16.2 1.8 3.4 3.9
  1.49(8) 3.24(35) 5.70(17) 7.06(8) 8.72(3) 10.6(3) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Hexatriacontane 630-06-8 20.6 22.8 -0.066(c) 108.2 109.0 - - - - - - -
  1.30(6) 5.03(9) 4.03(2) -(1)
Polyisobutylene (PIB, butyl rubber) 9003-27-4 27.0 33.2 -0.064(b) - 112.1 - - 17.1 16.4 1.7 4.7 7.9
  0.00(2) 3.21(10) -(1) 1.26(6) 2.15(6) 2.08(6) 2.46(6)
Fluorinated ethylene polypropylene (FEP) 25067-11-2 19.1 18.5 - 105.7 112.7 98.5 14.8 19.6 19.0 4.0 3.0 4.0
  1.27(2) 2.25(7) 4.54(6) 5.03(4) 5.28(4) 1.31(3) -(1) -(1) -(1) -(1)
Amorphous fluoropolymer (Teflon AF) - - - - - 117.5 90.3 27.1 - - - - -
  5.67(5) 3.42(5) 9.13(5)

(a) Atactic PP CAS #9003-08-0; isotactic PP CAS #25085-53-4.To top of page

(b) S. Wu, J. Macromol. Sci., C10, 1 (1974).To top of page

(c) S. Wu, in Polymer Handbook, 3rd Ed., J. Brandrup and E.H. Immergut, eds., Wiley-Interscience, New York, NY, 1989, p. VI: 414-426.To top of page

(d) Polybutadiene data for carboxyl end group; S. Wu, in Polymer Handbook, 3rd Ed., J. Brandrup and E.H. Immergut, eds., Wiley-Interscience, New York, NY, 1989, p. VI: 414-426.To top of page

(e) Polybutadiene data for methyl ester end group; S. Wu, in Polymer Handbook, 3rd Ed., J. Brandrup and E.H. Immergut, eds., Wiley-Interscience, New York, NY, 1989, p. VI: 414-426.To top of page

(f) Aluminum foil, while obviously not a polymer, is included due to its widespread use in package converting and other industries.To top of page

(1) Names which are most widely used to describe the material or family of materials (e.g., polyurethanes and epoxies) at hand are preferred here. Commonly used acronyms and synonyms are also shown.To top of page

(2) CAS (Chemical Abstract Series) numbers are shown where available. In a number of instances, more than one CAS number is assigned to a given polymer — in some cases the details and nuances of these divergences are not at all clear. We have tried to reference the CAS number which appears to have the widest use with reference to the solid state properties of the given polymer.To top of page

(3) γc: Critical surface tension in mJ/m2 (equivalent to dynes/cm), generally determined by the Zisman method (regression of the cosine of the contact angle), or by the wetting tension method (using solutions of 2-ethoxyethanol and formamide, per ASTM Std. D-2578).To top of page

(4) γs: Surface free energy in mJ/m2 (equivalent to dynes/cm), as measured, estimated, and calculated by a wide variety of methods and theories.To top of page

(5) dγ/dt: Change in surface energy in mJ/m2 (equivalent to dynes/cm) per degree Kelvin (or Celsius). To top of page

(6) θWY: Equilibrium (or Young's) contact angle with water, in degrees.To top of page

(7) θWA: Advancing contact angle with water, in degrees.To top of page

(8) θWR: Retreating contact angle with water, in degrees.To top of page

(9) dθW: Contact angle hysteresis (difference between advancing and retreating) with water, in degrees.To top of page

(10) δ: Total Hansen solubility parameter (square root of the sum of squares of the average values for dispersion, polar, and hydrogen bonding components), in MPa1/2 (equivalent to joules/cubic centimeter; 2.0455 x (cal/cc)1/2) @ 20-25oC (293.15-298.15 K). All data from Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd Ed., C.M. Hansen, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2007.To top of page

(11) δD: Hansen dispersion solubility parameter, in MPa1/2 (equivalent to joules/cubic centimeter; 2.0455 x (cal/cc)1/2) @ 20-25oC (293.15-298.15 K). All data from Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd Ed., C.M. Hansen, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2007.To top of page

(12) δP: Hansen polar solubility parameter, in MPa1/2 (equivalent to joules/cubic centimeter; 2.0455 x (cal/cc)1/2) @ 20-25oC (293.15-298.15 K). All data from Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd Ed., C.M. Hansen, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2007.To top of page

(13) δH: Hansen hydrogen bonding solubility parameter, in MPa1/2 (equivalent to joules/cubic centimeter; 2.0455 x (cal/cc)1/2) @ 20-25oC (293.15-298.15 K). All data from Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd Ed., C.M. Hansen, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2007.To top of page

(14) Ro: Interaction radius. All data from Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd Ed., C.M. Hansen, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2007.To top of page