Surface Tension, Hansen Solubility Parameters, Molar Volume, Enthalpy of Evaporation, and Molecular Weight of Selected Liquids
Name(1)  |
Mol. Formula(2) |
CAS #(2) |
Mol. Wt.(3) |
γL (4) |
Δγ/ΔΤ(5) |
ΔVAPΗ(6) |
Hansen Solubility Parameters(7) | Molar Volume(8) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total |
δD |
δP |
δH |
||||||||
| Mercury | Hg | 7439-97-6 | 200.59 | 474 | -0.23 | 65.41 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Hydrogen peroxide | H2O2 | 7722-84-1 | 34.02 | 74.0 | -0.21 | 52.01 | 47.0 | 15.5 | 12.2 | 42.7 | 23.2 |
| Water | H2O | 7732-18-5 | 18.02 | 72.7 | -0.21 | 43.77 | 47.8 | 15.6 | 16.0 | 42.3 | 18.0 |
| Hydrazine | H4N2 | 302-01-2 | 32.04 | 66.9 | -0.19 | 46.14 | 18.7 | 14.2 | 8.3 | 8.9 | 32.1 |
| Formamide (methanomide) | CH3NO | 75-12-7 | 45.04 | 57.0 | -0.15 | 60.15(12) | 36.6 | 17.2 | 26.2 | 19.0 | 39.8 |
| Diethylene glycol | C4H10O3 | 111-46-6 | 106.12 | 55.1 | -0.15 | 76.00 | 29.1 | 16.6 | 12.0 | 20.7 | 94.9 |
| 2-Furanmethanol (furfuryl alcohol) | C5H6O2 | 98-00-0 | 98.10 | 53.3 | -0.20 | 60.37 | 24.3 | 17.4 | 7.6 | 15.1 | 86.5 |
| Dimethylethanolamine (2-(dimethylamino)ethanol) | C4H11NO | 108-01-0 | 89.14 | 51.6 | -0.23 | 54.98 | 24.0 | 16.1 | 9.2 | 15.3 | 101.1 |
| Triethanolamine | C6H15NO3 | 102-71-6 | 149.19 | 51.5 | -0.13 | 101.89 | 36.7 | 17.3 | 22.4 | 23.3 | 133.2 |
| Diiodomethane (methylene iodide) | CH2I2 | 75-11-6 | 267.84 | 50.8(15) | -0.18 | 49.37 | 19.0 | 17.8 | 3.9 | 5.5 | 80.5 |
| Ethylene glycol | C2H6O2 | 107-21-1 | 62.07 | 48.4 | -0.17 | 68.95 | 32.9 | 17.0 | 11.0 | 26.0 | 55.8 |
| 2-Aminoethanol (ethanolamine) | C2H7NO | 141-43-5 | 61.08 | 48.3 | -0.17 | 61.12 | 31.3 | 17.0 | 15.5 | 21.2 | 59.8 |
| Glycerol | C3H8O3 | 56-81-5 | 92.09 | 48.0(15) | -0.22 | 88.75 | 36.1 | 17.4 | 12.1 | 29.3 | 73.3 |
| 1,3-Butanediol | C4H10O2 | 107-88-0 | 90.12 | 47.1 | -0.17 | 75.25 | 28.9 | 16.6 | 10.0 | 21.5 | 89.9 |
| 1,2-Propanediol (propylene glycol) | C3H8O2 | 57-55-6 | 76.10 | 45.6 | -0.17 | 70.68 | 30.2 | 16.8 | 9.4 | 23.3 | 73.6 |
| N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidine | C5H9NO | 872-50-4 | 99.13 | 44.6 | -0.13 | 53.45 | 23.0 | 18.0 | 12.3 | 7.2 | 96.5 |
| 1-Bromonaphthalene | C10H7Br | 90-11-9 | 207.07 | 44.4 | -0.10 | 65.60 | 20.9 | 20.3 | 3.1 | 4.1 | 140.0 |
| Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) | C2H6OS | 67-68-5 | 78.13 | 42.9 | -0.12 | 51.96 | 26.7 | 18.4 | 16.4 | 10.2 | 71.3 |
| 2-Methoxymethanol (ethylene glycol monomethyl ether) | C3H8O2 | 109-86-4 | 76.10 | 42.8 | -0.20 | 47.16 | 24.8 | 16.2 | 9.2 | 16.4 | 79.1 |
| Aniline | C6H7N | 62-53-3 | 93.13 | 42.4 | -0.11 | 55.81 | 22.6 | 19.4 | 5.1 | 10.2 | 91.5 |
| Bromine(10) | Br2 | 7726-95-6 | 159.81 | 41.0 | -0.17 | 31.62 | 18.3 | 18.2 | 2.1 | 0.0 | 51.5 |
| Bromine(9) | Br2 | 7726-95-6 | 159.81 | 41.0 | -0.17 | 31.62 | 23.5 | 18.2 | 14.9 | 0.0 | 51.5 |
| Propylene carbonate | C4H6O3 | 108-32-7 | 102.09 | 40.9(11) | - | - | 27.2 | 20.0 | 18.0 | 4.1 | 85.0 |
| Acetophenone (1-phenylethanone) | C8H8O | 98-86-2 | 120.15 | 39.0 | -0.11 | 53.69 | 21.7 | 19.6 | 8.6 | 3.7 | 117.4 |
| Benzonitrile | C7H5N | 100-47-0 | 103.12 | 38.8 | -0.12 | 54.73 | 19.9 | 17.4 | 9.0 | 3.3 | 102.6 |
| Morpholine | C4H9NO | 110-91-8 | 87.12 | 38.8 | -0.15 | 44.02 | 21.5 | 18.8 | 4.9 | 9.2 | 87.1 |
| Benzaldehyde | C7H6O | 100-52-7 | 106.12 | 38.3 | -0.12 | 50.75 | 21.4 | 19.4 | 7.4 | 5.3 | 101.5 |
| Methanoic acid (formic acid) | CH2O2 | 64-18-6 | 46.03 | 37.7 | -0.16 | 24.76 | 24.9 | 14.3 | 11.9 | 16.6 | 37.8 |
| Dibutyl phthalate | C16H22O4 | 84-74-2 | 278.35 | 37.4 | -0.10 | 98.66 | 20.2 | 17.8 | 8.6 | 4.1 | 266.0 |
| Benzyl alcohol | C7H8O | 100-51-6 | 108.14 | 36.8 | -0.18 | 65.62 | 23.8 | 18.4 | 6.3 | 13.7 | 103.6 |
| Pyridine | C5H5N | 110-86-1 | 79.10 | 36.7 | -0.14 | 40.91 | 21.8 | 19.0 | 8.8 | 5.9 | 80.9 |
| Epichlorohydrin (chloromethyloxirane) | C3H5ClO | 106-89-8 | 92.52 | 36.3 | -0.14 | 42.4(14) | 21.4 | 18.9 | 7.6 | 6.6 | 78.4 |
| Nitromethane | CH3NO2 | 75-52-5 | 61.04 | 36.3 | -0.14 | 39.34 | 25.1 | 15.8 | 18.8 | 5.1 | 54.3 |
| 3-Methylphenol (m-Cresol) | C7H8O | 108-39-4 | 108.14 | 35.8 | -0.10 | 63.36 | 22.7 | 18.0 | 5.1 | 12.9 | 104.7 |
| 1,2-Dichlorobenzene | C6H4Cl2 | 95-50-1 | 147.00 | 35.7 | -0.11 | 49.07 | 20.5 | 19.2 | 6.3 | 3.3 | 112.8 |
| Isophorone | C9H14O | 78-59-1 | 138.21 | 35.5 | -0.10 | 53.41 | 19.9 | 16.6 | 8.2 | 7.4 | 150.5 |
| Cyclohexanone | C6H10O | 108-94-1 | 98.14 | 34.4 | -0.12 | 44.90 | 19.6 | 17.8 | 6.3 | 5.1 | 104.0 |
| N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) | C3H7NO | 68-12-2 | 73.09 | 34.4 | -0.11 | 46.91 | 24.9 | 17.4 | 13.7 | 11.3 | 77.0 |
| Cyclohexanol | C6H12O | 108-93-0 | 100.16 | 33.4 | -0.11 | 60.71 | 22.4 | 17.4 | 4.1 | 13.5 | 106.0 |
| 1,4-Dioxane | C4H8O2 | 123-91-1 | 88.11 | 32.9 | -0.15 | 38.60(12) | 20.5 | 19.0 | 1.8 | 7.4 | 85.7 |
| 1,2-Dichloroethane (ethylene dichloride) | C2H4Cl2 | 107-06-2 | 98.96 | 32.6 | -0.15 | 35.05 | 20.8 | 19.0 | 7.4 | 4.1 | 79.4 |
| Styrene (phenylethene) | C8H8 | 100-42-5 | 104.15 | 32.0 | -0.11 | 49.8(13) | 19.0 | 18.6 | 1.0 | 4.1 | 115.6 |
| Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (BEHP, dioctyl phthalate) | C24H38O4 | 117-84-0 | 390.56 | 31.1 | -0.08 | 117.45 | 18.4 | 16.6 | 7.0 | 3.1 | 377.0 |
| o-Xylene | C8H10 | 95-47-6 | 106.17 | 29.6 | -0.11 | 43.73 | 18.0 | 17.8 | 1.0 | 3.1 | 121.2 |
| 2-Ethoxyethanol (ethylene glycol monoethyl ether) | C4H10O2 | 110-80-5 | 90.12 | 28.8 | -0.13 | 48.21 | 23.5 | 16.2 | 9.2 | 14.3 | 97.8 |
| Acetonitrile (ethane nitrile) | C2H3N | 75-05-8 | 41.05 | 28.7 | -0.13 | 33.05 | 24.4 | 15.3 | 18.0 | 6.1 | 52.6 |
| Trichloroethylene (TCE, trichloroethene) | C2HCl3 | 79-01-6 | 131.39 | 28.7 | -0.13 | 35.01 | 19.0 | 18.0 | 3.1 | 5.3 | 90.2 |
| Ethylbenzene | C8H10 | 100-41-4 | 106.17 | 28.6 | -0.11 | 42.41 | 17.9 | 17.8 | 0.6 | 1.4 | 123.1 |
| Benzene | C6H6 | 71-43-2 | 78.11 | 28.2 | -0.13 | 34.47 | 18.5 | 18.4 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 89.4 |
| Octanoic acid (caprylic acid) | C8H16O2 | 124-07-2 | 144.21 | 27.9 | -0.09 | 82.04 | 17.5 | 15.1 | 3.3 | 8.2 | 159.0 |
| p-Xylene | C8H10 | 106-42-3 | 106.17 | 27.9 | -0.11 | 41.87 | 17.9 | 17.6 | 1.0 | 3.1 | 123.2 |
| Toluene | C7H81 | 08-88-3 | 92.13 | 27.9 | -0.12 | 38.34 | 18.2 | 18.0 | 1.4 | 2.0 | 106.8 |
| Dichloromethane (methylene chloride, DCM) | CH2Cl2 | 75-09-2 | 84.93 | 27.8 | -0.16 | 29.23 | 20.2 | 18.2 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 63.9 |
| 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol | C8H18O | 104-76-7 | 130.23 | 27.7 | -0.06 | 68.75 | 20.1 | 15.9 | 3.3 | 11.8 | 156.6 |
| Hexadecane | C16H34 | 544-76-3 | 226.44 | 27.1 | -0.09 | 77.17 | 16.3 | 16.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 294.1 |
| Acetic acid (ethanoic acid) | C2H4O2 | 64-19-7 | 60.05 | 27.0 | -0.10 | 26.94 | 21.4 | 14.5 | 8.0 | 13.5 | 57.1 |
| Tetrahydrofuran | C4H8O | 109-99-9 | 72.11 | 26.7 | -0.14 | 32.47 | 19.4 | 16.8 | 5.7 | 8.0 | 81.7 |
| Acrylonitrile (ethenylnitrile) | C3H3N | 107-13-1 | 53.06 | 26.7 | -0.12 | 34.15 | 21.6 | 16.0 | 12.8 | 6.8 | 67.1 |
| Trichloromethane (chloroform) | CHCl3 | 67-66-3 | 119.38 | 26.7 | -0.13 | 31.68 | 19.0 | 17.8 | 3.1 | 5.7 | 80.7 |
| 2-Butoxyethanol (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether) | C6H14O2 | 111-76-2 | 118.17 | 26.6 | -0.11 | 56.54 | 20.8 | 16.0 | 5.1 | 12.3 | 131.6 |
| Tetrachloromethane (carbon tetrachloride)(10) | CCl4 | 56-23-5 | 153.82 | 26.3 | -0.12 | 32.48 | 17.8 | 17.8 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 97.1 |
| Tetrachloromethane (carbon tetrachloride)(9) | CCl4 | 56-23-5 | 153.82 | 26.3 | -0.12 | 32.48 | 18.1 | 16.1 | 8.3 | 0.0 | 97.1 |
| 2-Heptanone (methyl n-amyl ketone) | C7H14O | 110-43-0 | 114.18 | 26.1 | -0.11 | 47.50 | 17.7 | 16.2 | 5.7 | 4.1 | 139.8 |
| 1-Butanol (n-butyl alcohol) | C4H10O | 71-36-3 | 74.12 | 25.0 | -0.08 | 49.58 | 23.2 | 16.0 | 5.7 | 15.8 | 91.5 |
| 1,1,1-Trichlorethane (methyl chloroform) | C2H3Cl3 | 71-55-6 | 133.40 | 25.0 | -0.12 | 32.50 | 17.5 | 16.8 | 4.3 | 2.0 | 99.3 |
| Butyl acetate | C6H12O2 | 123-86-4 | 116.16 | 24.8 | -0.11 | 43.48 | 17.4 | 15.8 | 3.7 | 6.3 | 132.5 |
| Cyclohexane | C6H12 | 110-82-7 | 84.16 | 24.7 | -0.12 | 33.69 | 16.8 | 16.8 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 108.7 |
| Methyl acetate | C3H6O2 | 79-20-9 | 74.08 | 24.5 | -0.12 | 32.53 | 18.7 | 15.5 | 7.2 | 7.6 | 79.7 |
| Methyl methacrylate | C5H8O2 | 80-62-6 | 100.12 | 24.2 | -0.11 | 39.47 | 17.9 | 15.8 | 6.5 | 5.4 | 106.1 |
| 2-Butanone (methyl ethyl ketone) | C4H8O | 78-93-3 | 72.11 | 24.0 | -0.11 | 34.79(12) | 19.1 | 16.0 | 9.0 | 5.1 | 90.1 |
| Propyl acetate (propyl ethanoate) | C5H10O2 | 109-60-4 | 102.13 | 23.9 | -0.12 | 39.99 | 17.6 | 15.3 | 4.3 | 7.6 | 115.3 |
| 4-Methyl-2-pentanone (methyl isobutyl ketone) | C6H12O | 108-10-1 | 100.16 | 23.5 | -0.10 | 42.44 | 17.0 | 15.3 | 6.1 | 4.1 | 125.8 |
| 2-Propanol (isopropyl alcohol) | C3H8O | 67-63-0 | 60.10 | 23.3 | -0.08 | 48.68 | 23.6 | 15.8 | 6.1 | 16.4 | 76.8 |
| Ethyl acetate (ethyl ethanoate) | C4H8O2 | 141-78-6 | 88.11 | 23.2 | -0.12 | 35.66 | 18.1 | 15.8 | 5.3 | 7.2 | 98.5 |
| 2-Methylpropyl ethanoate (isobutyl acetate) | C6H12O2 | 110-19-0 | 116.16 | 23.0 | -0.10 | 41.87 | 16.8 | 15.1 | 3.7 | 6.3 | 133.5 |
| Acetone (propanone) | C3H6O | 67-64-1 | 58.08 | 23.0 | -0.12 | 32.19 | 19.9 | 15.5 | 10.4 | 7.0 | 74.0 |
| 2-Methylpropyl alcohol (isobutanol) | C4H10O | 78-83-1 | 74.12 | 22.6 | -0.07 | 51.23 | 22.7 | 15.1 | 5.7 | 15.9 | 92.8 |
| 2-Butanol (sec-butanol) | C4H10O | 78-92-2 | 74.12 | 22.6 | -0.08 | 49.25 | 22.2 | 15.8 | 5.7 | 14.5 | 92.0 |
| Isopropyl acetate (isopropyl ethanoate) | C5H10O2 | 108-21-4 | 102.13 | 22.3 | -0.11 | 36.84 | 17.6 | 14.9 | 4.5 | 8.2 | 117.1 |
| Methanol (methyl alcohol) | CH4O | 67-56-1 | 32.04 | 22.1 | -0.08 | 37.96 | 29.6 | 15.1 | 12.3 | 22.3 | 40.7 |
| Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) | C2H6O | 64-17-5 | 46.07 | 22.0 | -0.08 | 42.32(12) | 26.5 | 15.8 | 8.8 | 19.4 | 58.5 |
| 1-Propanol (n-propanol, n-propyl alcohol) | C3H8O | 71-23-8 | 60.10 | 20.9 | -0.08 | 47.45(12) | 24.6 | 16.0 | 6.8 | 17.4 | 75.2 |
| 1,2-Dimethoxyethane (DME, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether) | C4H10O2 | 110-71-4 | 90.12 | 20.0 | -0.11 | 35.24 | 17.7 | 15.4 | 6.3 | 6.0 | 103.9 |
| n-Heptane | C7H16 | 142-85-5 | 100.21 | 19.8 | -0.10 | 36.48 | 15.3 | 15.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 147.4 |
| Silicon tetrachloride | SiCl4 | 10026-04-7 | 169.90 | 18.8 | -0.10 | 29.68 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Dimethoxymethane (methylal) | C3H8O2 | 109-87-5 | 76.10 | 18.8 | -0.13 | 28.81 | 17.4 | 15.0 | 1.8 | 8.6 | 169.4 |
| Diethyl ether (ethoxyethane) | C4H10O | 60-29-7 | 74.12 | 16.7 | -0.12 | 27.73 | 15.8 | 14.5 | 2.9 | 5.1 | 104.8 |
| Dioctyl hexanedioate (dioctyl adipate) | C22H42O4 | 103-23-1 | 370.57 | - | - | - | 17.6 | 16.7 | 2.0 | 5.1 | 400.0 |
| Phenoxyethanol (ethylene glycol monophenyl ether) | C8H10O2 | 122-99-6 | 138.16 | - | - | - | 23.5 | 17.8 | 5.7 | 14.3 | 125.3 |
(1) Choice of nomenclature is one of the most difficult tasks in
assembling any table of chemical data, especially one containing a variety
of hydrocarbons that have become widely known by non-scientific names. We
have generally used IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry)
nomenclature
as the primary name; synonyms in common use are also included — sometimes
these are shown as the primary name, depending on common usage. In a very
few cases, the IUPAC designation is quite technical, and not widely used
in industry,
and so has been left out of this table entirely. It is always best to reference
CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service) numbers to make sure the correct material
is being evaluated.
(2) Thermophysical Properties of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons,
Carl L. Yaw, William Andrew, Norwich, NY, 2008, except as noted.
(3) CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition,
David R. Lide, ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2004, except as noted.
(4) Surface tension (γL), mJ/m2 (equivalent to dynes/cm) @ 25oC (298.15 K): Thermophysical Properties
of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons, Carl L. Yaw, William Andrew, Norwich,
NY, 2008, except as noted.
(5) Change in surface tension (in mJ/m2) per degree Celsius
(Kelvin). Thermophysical Properties of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons, Carl
L. Yaw, William Andrew, Norwich, NY, 2008, except as noted. NOTE — extending
this value over a temperature range beyond 10oC to 40oC
(283.15K to 313.5K) or across a change of state may result in significant error
for some liquids.
(6) Enthalpy of vaporization, kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) @ 25oC
(298.15 K): Thermophysical Properties of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons,
Carl L. Yaw, William Andrew, Norwich, NY, 2008, except as noted.
(7) MPa1/2 (equivalent to joules/cubic centimeter; 2.0455
x (cal/cc)1/2) @ 25oC (298.15 K): Hansen Solubility
Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd Edition, Charles M. Hansen, CRC Press,
Boca Raton, FL, 2007, except as noted. The total solubility parameter is the
geometric mean of the three components dD (from non-polar, or dispersion
interactions), dP (from polar attraction), and dH (from
hydrogen bonding). This data is a combination of calculated values and experimentally
confirmed values; refer to the original source for detailed information, including
notes regarding the use of group contributions vs. dipole moments for polar
contribution calculations.
(8) Cubic centimeters @ 25oC (298.15 K): Hansen Solubility
Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd Edition, Charles M. Hansen, CRC Press,
Boca Raton, FL, 2007, except as noted.
(9) Polar component calculated from group contributions.
(10) Polar component calculated from dipole moment.
(11) @ 25oC: http://www.huntsman.com/performance_products/Media/JEFFSOL_Alkylene_Carbonates_(brochure).pdf.
(12) @ 25oC: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics,
85th Edition, David R. Lide, ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2004.
(13) @ 25oC: http://www.lyondell.com/lyondell/techlit/techlit/3284.pdf.
(This data was estimated from a graph showing heat of vaporization vs. temperature.)
(14) @ 25oC: http://www.dow.com/PublishedLiterature/dh_0100/0901b80380100836.pdf?filepath=epoxy/pdfs/noreg/296-01301.pdf?fromPage=GetDoc.
(15) @ 20oC: Interfacial Forces in Aqueous Media,
2nd Edition, Carel J. Van Oss, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2006.