Surface Tension, Hansen Solubility Parameters, Molar Volume, Enthalpy of Evaporation, and Molecular Weight of Selected Liquids
Name(1)  |
Mol. Formula(2) |
CAS #(2) |
Mol. Wt.(3) |
γL (4) |
Δγ/ΔΤ(5) |
ΔVAPΗ(6) |
Hansen Solubility Parameters(7) | Molar Volume(8) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total |
δD |
δP |
δH |
||||||||
| p-Xylene | C8H10 | 106-42-3 | 106.17 | 27.9 | -0.11 | 41.87 | 17.9 | 17.6 | 1.0 | 3.1 | 123.2 |
| o-Xylene | C8H10 | 95-47-6 | 106.17 | 29.6 | -0.11 | 43.73 | 18.0 | 17.8 | 1.0 | 3.1 | 121.2 |
| Water | H2O | 7732-18-5 | 18.02 | 72.7 | -0.21 | 43.77 | 47.8 | 15.6 | 16.0 | 42.3 | 18.0 |
| Triethanolamine | C6H15NO3 | 102-71-6 | 149.19 | 51.5 | -0.13 | 101.89 | 36.7 | 17.3 | 22.4 | 23.3 | 133.2 |
| Trichloromethane (chloroform) | CHCl3 | 67-66-3 | 119.38 | 26.7 | -0.13 | 31.68 | 19.0 | 17.8 | 3.1 | 5.7 | 80.7 |
| Trichloroethylene (TCE, trichloroethene) | C2HCl3 | 79-01-6 | 131.39 | 28.7 | -0.13 | 35.01 | 19.0 | 18.0 | 3.1 | 5.3 | 90.2 |
| 1,1,1-Trichlorethane (methyl chloroform) | C2H3Cl3 | 71-55-6 | 133.40 | 25.0 | -0.12 | 32.50 | 17.5 | 16.8 | 4.3 | 2.0 | 99.3 |
| Toluene | C7H81 | 08-88-3 | 92.13 | 27.9 | -0.12 | 38.34 | 18.2 | 18.0 | 1.4 | 2.0 | 106.8 |
| Tetrahydrofuran | C4H8O | 109-99-9 | 72.11 | 26.7 | -0.14 | 32.47 | 19.4 | 16.8 | 5.7 | 8.0 | 81.7 |
| Tetrachloromethane (carbon tetrachloride)(10) | CCl4 | 56-23-5 | 153.82 | 26.3 | -0.12 | 32.48 | 17.8 | 17.8 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 97.1 |
| Tetrachloromethane (carbon tetrachloride)(9) | CCl4 | 56-23-5 | 153.82 | 26.3 | -0.12 | 32.48 | 18.1 | 16.1 | 8.3 | 0.0 | 97.1 |
| Styrene (phenylethene) | C8H8 | 100-42-5 | 104.15 | 32.0 | -0.11 | 49.8(13) | 19.0 | 18.6 | 1.0 | 4.1 | 115.6 |
| Silicon tetrachloride | SiCl4 | 10026-04-7 | 169.90 | 18.8 | -0.10 | 29.68 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Pyridine | C5H5N | 110-86-1 | 79.10 | 36.7 | -0.14 | 40.91 | 21.8 | 19.0 | 8.8 | 5.9 | 80.9 |
| Propylene carbonate | C4H6O3 | 108-32-7 | 102.09 | 40.9(11) | - | - | 27.2 | 20.0 | 18.0 | 4.1 | 85.0 |
| Propyl acetate (propyl ethanoate) | C5H10O2 | 109-60-4 | 102.13 | 23.9 | -0.12 | 39.99 | 17.6 | 15.3 | 4.3 | 7.6 | 115.3 |
| 2-Propanol (isopropyl alcohol) | C3H8O | 67-63-0 | 60.10 | 23.3 | -0.08 | 48.68 | 23.6 | 15.8 | 6.1 | 16.4 | 76.8 |
| 1-Propanol (n-propanol, n-propyl alcohol) | C3H8O | 71-23-8 | 60.10 | 20.9 | -0.08 | 47.45(12) | 24.6 | 16.0 | 6.8 | 17.4 | 75.2 |
| 1,2-Propanediol (propylene glycol) | C3H8O2 | 57-55-6 | 76.10 | 45.6 | -0.17 | 70.68 | 30.2 | 16.8 | 9.4 | 23.3 | 73.6 |
| Phenoxyethanol (ethylene glycol monophenyl ether) | C8H10O2 | 122-99-6 | 138.16 | - | - | - | 23.5 | 17.8 | 5.7 | 14.3 | 125.3 |
| Octanoic acid (caprylic acid) | C8H16O2 | 124-07-2 | 144.21 | 27.9 | -0.09 | 82.04 | 17.5 | 15.1 | 3.3 | 8.2 | 159.0 |
| Nitromethane | CH3NO2 | 75-52-5 | 61.04 | 36.3 | -0.14 | 39.34 | 25.1 | 15.8 | 18.8 | 5.1 | 54.3 |
| N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidine | C5H9NO | 872-50-4 | 99.13 | 44.6 | -0.13 | 53.45 | 23.0 | 18.0 | 12.3 | 7.2 | 96.5 |
| N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) | C3H7NO | 68-12-2 | 73.09 | 34.4 | -0.11 | 46.91 | 24.9 | 17.4 | 13.7 | 11.3 | 77.0 |
| Morpholine | C4H9NO | 110-91-8 | 87.12 | 38.8 | -0.15 | 44.02 | 21.5 | 18.8 | 4.9 | 9.2 | 87.1 |
| 2-Methylpropyl ethanoate (isobutyl acetate) | C6H12O2 | 110-19-0 | 116.16 | 23.0 | -0.10 | 41.87 | 16.8 | 15.1 | 3.7 | 6.3 | 133.5 |
| 2-Methylpropyl alcohol (isobutanol) | C4H10O | 78-83-1 | 74.12 | 22.6 | -0.07 | 51.23 | 22.7 | 15.1 | 5.7 | 15.9 | 92.8 |
| 3-Methylphenol (m-Cresol) | C7H8O | 108-39-4 | 108.14 | 35.8 | -0.10 | 63.36 | 22.7 | 18.0 | 5.1 | 12.9 | 104.7 |
| 4-Methyl-2-pentanone (methyl isobutyl ketone) | C6H12O | 108-10-1 | 100.16 | 23.5 | -0.10 | 42.44 | 17.0 | 15.3 | 6.1 | 4.1 | 125.8 |
| Methyl methacrylate | C5H8O2 | 80-62-6 | 100.12 | 24.2 | -0.11 | 39.47 | 17.9 | 15.8 | 6.5 | 5.4 | 106.1 |
| Methyl acetate | C3H6O2 | 79-20-9 | 74.08 | 24.5 | -0.12 | 32.53 | 18.7 | 15.5 | 7.2 | 7.6 | 79.7 |
| 2-Methoxymethanol (ethylene glycol monomethyl ether) | C3H8O2 | 109-86-4 | 76.10 | 42.8 | -0.20 | 47.16 | 24.8 | 16.2 | 9.2 | 16.4 | 79.1 |
| Methanol (methyl alcohol) | CH4O | 67-56-1 | 32.04 | 22.1 | -0.08 | 37.96 | 29.6 | 15.1 | 12.3 | 22.3 | 40.7 |
| Methanoic acid (formic acid) | CH2O2 | 64-18-6 | 46.03 | 37.7 | -0.16 | 24.76 | 24.9 | 14.3 | 11.9 | 16.6 | 37.8 |
| Mercury | Hg | 7439-97-6 | 200.59 | 474 | -0.23 | 65.41 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Isopropyl acetate (isopropyl ethanoate) | C5H10O2 | 108-21-4 | 102.13 | 22.3 | -0.11 | 36.84 | 17.6 | 14.9 | 4.5 | 8.2 | 117.1 |
| Isophorone | C9H14O | 78-59-1 | 138.21 | 35.5 | -0.10 | 53.41 | 19.9 | 16.6 | 8.2 | 7.4 | 150.5 |
| Hydrogen peroxide | H2O2 | 7722-84-1 | 34.02 | 74.0 | -0.21 | 52.01 | 47.0 | 15.5 | 12.2 | 42.7 | 23.2 |
| Hydrazine | H4N2 | 302-01-2 | 32.04 | 66.9 | -0.19 | 46.14 | 18.7 | 14.2 | 8.3 | 8.9 | 32.1 |
| Hexadecane | C16H34 | 544-76-3 | 226.44 | 27.1 | -0.09 | 77.17 | 16.3 | 16.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 294.1 |
| 2-Heptanone (methyl n-amyl ketone) | C7H14O | 110-43-0 | 114.18 | 26.1 | -0.11 | 47.50 | 17.7 | 16.2 | 5.7 | 4.1 | 139.8 |
| n-Heptane | C7H16 | 142-85-5 | 100.21 | 19.8 | -0.10 | 36.48 | 15.3 | 15.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 147.4 |
| Glycerol | C3H8O3 | 56-81-5 | 92.09 | 48.0(15) | -0.22 | 88.75 | 36.1 | 17.4 | 12.1 | 29.3 | 73.3 |
| 2-Furanmethanol (furfuryl alcohol) | C5H6O2 | 98-00-0 | 98.10 | 53.3 | -0.20 | 60.37 | 24.3 | 17.4 | 7.6 | 15.1 | 86.5 |
| Formamide (methanomide) | CH3NO | 75-12-7 | 45.04 | 57.0 | -0.15 | 60.15(12) | 36.6 | 17.2 | 26.2 | 19.0 | 39.8 |
| Ethylene glycol | C2H6O2 | 107-21-1 | 62.07 | 48.4 | -0.17 | 68.95 | 32.9 | 17.0 | 11.0 | 26.0 | 55.8 |
| Ethylbenzene | C8H10 | 100-41-4 | 106.17 | 28.6 | -0.11 | 42.41 | 17.9 | 17.8 | 0.6 | 1.4 | 123.1 |
| 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol | C8H18O | 104-76-7 | 130.23 | 27.7 | -0.06 | 68.75 | 20.1 | 15.9 | 3.3 | 11.8 | 156.6 |
| Ethyl acetate (ethyl ethanoate) | C4H8O2 | 141-78-6 | 88.11 | 23.2 | -0.12 | 35.66 | 18.1 | 15.8 | 5.3 | 7.2 | 98.5 |
| 2-Ethoxyethanol (ethylene glycol monoethyl ether) | C4H10O2 | 110-80-5 | 90.12 | 28.8 | -0.13 | 48.21 | 23.5 | 16.2 | 9.2 | 14.3 | 97.8 |
| Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) | C2H6O | 64-17-5 | 46.07 | 22.0 | -0.08 | 42.32(12) | 26.5 | 15.8 | 8.8 | 19.4 | 58.5 |
| Epichlorohydrin (chloromethyloxirane) | C3H5ClO | 106-89-8 | 92.52 | 36.3 | -0.14 | 42.4(14) | 21.4 | 18.9 | 7.6 | 6.6 | 78.4 |
| 1,4-Dioxane | C4H8O2 | 123-91-1 | 88.11 | 32.9 | -0.15 | 38.60(12) | 20.5 | 19.0 | 1.8 | 7.4 | 85.7 |
| Dioctyl hexanedioate (dioctyl adipate) | C22H42O4 | 103-23-1 | 370.57 | - | - | - | 17.6 | 16.7 | 2.0 | 5.1 | 400.0 |
| Dimethylethanolamine (2-(dimethylamino)ethanol) | C4H11NO | 108-01-0 | 89.14 | 51.6 | -0.23 | 54.98 | 24.0 | 16.1 | 9.2 | 15.3 | 101.1 |
| Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) | C2H6OS | 67-68-5 | 78.13 | 42.9 | -0.12 | 51.96 | 26.7 | 18.4 | 16.4 | 10.2 | 71.3 |
| Dimethoxymethane (methylal) | C3H8O2 | 109-87-5 | 76.10 | 18.8 | -0.13 | 28.81 | 17.4 | 15.0 | 1.8 | 8.6 | 169.4 |
| 1,2-Dimethoxyethane (DME, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether) | C4H10O2 | 110-71-4 | 90.12 | 20.0 | -0.11 | 35.24 | 17.7 | 15.4 | 6.3 | 6.0 | 103.9 |
| Diiodomethane (methylene iodide) | CH2I2 | 75-11-6 | 267.84 | 50.8(15) | -0.18 | 49.37 | 19.0 | 17.8 | 3.9 | 5.5 | 80.5 |
| Diethylene glycol | C4H10O3 | 111-46-6 | 106.12 | 55.1 | -0.15 | 76.00 | 29.1 | 16.6 | 12.0 | 20.7 | 94.9 |
| Diethyl ether (ethoxyethane) | C4H10O | 60-29-7 | 74.12 | 16.7 | -0.12 | 27.73 | 15.8 | 14.5 | 2.9 | 5.1 | 104.8 |
| Dichloromethane (methylene chloride, DCM) | CH2Cl2 | 75-09-2 | 84.93 | 27.8 | -0.16 | 29.23 | 20.2 | 18.2 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 63.9 |
| 1,2-Dichloroethane (ethylene dichloride) | C2H4Cl2 | 107-06-2 | 98.96 | 32.6 | -0.15 | 35.05 | 20.8 | 19.0 | 7.4 | 4.1 | 79.4 |
| 1,2-Dichlorobenzene | C6H4Cl2 | 95-50-1 | 147.00 | 35.7 | -0.11 | 49.07 | 20.5 | 19.2 | 6.3 | 3.3 | 112.8 |
| Dibutyl phthalate | C16H22O4 | 84-74-2 | 278.35 | 37.4 | -0.10 | 98.66 | 20.2 | 17.8 | 8.6 | 4.1 | 266.0 |
| Cyclohexanone | C6H10O | 108-94-1 | 98.14 | 34.4 | -0.12 | 44.90 | 19.6 | 17.8 | 6.3 | 5.1 | 104.0 |
| Cyclohexanol | C6H12O | 108-93-0 | 100.16 | 33.4 | -0.11 | 60.71 | 22.4 | 17.4 | 4.1 | 13.5 | 106.0 |
| Cyclohexane | C6H12 | 110-82-7 | 84.16 | 24.7 | -0.12 | 33.69 | 16.8 | 16.8 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 108.7 |
| Butyl acetate | C6H12O2 | 123-86-4 | 116.16 | 24.8 | -0.11 | 43.48 | 17.4 | 15.8 | 3.7 | 6.3 | 132.5 |
| 2-Butoxyethanol (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether) | C6H14O2 | 111-76-2 | 118.17 | 26.6 | -0.11 | 56.54 | 20.8 | 16.0 | 5.1 | 12.3 | 131.6 |
| 2-Butanone (methyl ethyl ketone) | C4H8O | 78-93-3 | 72.11 | 24.0 | -0.11 | 34.79(12) | 19.1 | 16.0 | 9.0 | 5.1 | 90.1 |
| 2-Butanol (sec-butanol) | C4H10O | 78-92-2 | 74.12 | 22.6 | -0.08 | 49.25 | 22.2 | 15.8 | 5.7 | 14.5 | 92.0 |
| 1-Butanol (n-butyl alcohol) | C4H10O | 71-36-3 | 74.12 | 25.0 | -0.08 | 49.58 | 23.2 | 16.0 | 5.7 | 15.8 | 91.5 |
| 1,3-Butanediol | C4H10O2 | 107-88-0 | 90.12 | 47.1 | -0.17 | 75.25 | 28.9 | 16.6 | 10.0 | 21.5 | 89.9 |
| 1-Bromonaphthalene | C10H7Br | 90-11-9 | 207.07 | 44.4 | -0.10 | 65.60 | 20.9 | 20.3 | 3.1 | 4.1 | 140.0 |
| Bromine(10) | Br2 | 7726-95-6 | 159.81 | 41.0 | -0.17 | 31.62 | 18.3 | 18.2 | 2.1 | 0.0 | 51.5 |
| Bromine(9) | Br2 | 7726-95-6 | 159.81 | 41.0 | -0.17 | 31.62 | 23.5 | 18.2 | 14.9 | 0.0 | 51.5 |
| Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (BEHP, dioctyl phthalate) | C24H38O4 | 117-84-0 | 390.56 | 31.1 | -0.08 | 117.45 | 18.4 | 16.6 | 7.0 | 3.1 | 377.0 |
| Benzyl alcohol | C7H8O | 100-51-6 | 108.14 | 36.8 | -0.18 | 65.62 | 23.8 | 18.4 | 6.3 | 13.7 | 103.6 |
| Benzonitrile | C7H5N | 100-47-0 | 103.12 | 38.8 | -0.12 | 54.73 | 19.9 | 17.4 | 9.0 | 3.3 | 102.6 |
| Benzene | C6H6 | 71-43-2 | 78.11 | 28.2 | -0.13 | 34.47 | 18.5 | 18.4 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 89.4 |
| Benzaldehyde | C7H6O | 100-52-7 | 106.12 | 38.3 | -0.12 | 50.75 | 21.4 | 19.4 | 7.4 | 5.3 | 101.5 |
| Aniline | C6H7N | 62-53-3 | 93.13 | 42.4 | -0.11 | 55.81 | 22.6 | 19.4 | 5.1 | 10.2 | 91.5 |
| 2-Aminoethanol (ethanolamine) | C2H7NO | 141-43-5 | 61.08 | 48.3 | -0.17 | 61.12 | 31.3 | 17.0 | 15.5 | 21.2 | 59.8 |
| Acrylonitrile (ethenylnitrile) | C3H3N | 107-13-1 | 53.06 | 26.7 | -0.12 | 34.15 | 21.6 | 16.0 | 12.8 | 6.8 | 67.1 |
| Acetophenone (1-phenylethanone) | C8H8O | 98-86-2 | 120.15 | 39.0 | -0.11 | 53.69 | 21.7 | 19.6 | 8.6 | 3.7 | 117.4 |
| Acetonitrile (ethane nitrile) | C2H3N | 75-05-8 | 41.05 | 28.7 | -0.13 | 33.05 | 24.4 | 15.3 | 18.0 | 6.1 | 52.6 |
| Acetone (propanone) | C3H6O | 67-64-1 | 58.08 | 23.0 | -0.12 | 32.19 | 19.9 | 15.5 | 10.4 | 7.0 | 74.0 |
| Acetic acid (ethanoic acid) | C2H4O2 | 64-19-7 | 60.05 | 27.0 | -0.10 | 26.94 | 21.4 | 14.5 | 8.0 | 13.5 | 57.1 |
(1) Choice of nomenclature is one of the most difficult tasks in
assembling any table of chemical data, especially one containing a variety
of hydrocarbons that have become widely known by non-scientific names. We
have generally used IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry)
nomenclature
as the primary name; synonyms in common use are also included — sometimes
these are shown as the primary name, depending on common usage. In a very
few cases, the IUPAC designation is quite technical, and not widely used
in industry,
and so has been left out of this table entirely. It is always best to reference
CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service) numbers to make sure the correct material
is being evaluated.
(2) Thermophysical Properties of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons,
Carl L. Yaw, William Andrew, Norwich, NY, 2008, except as noted.
(3) CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition,
David R. Lide, ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2004, except as noted.
(4) Surface tension (γL), mJ/m2 (equivalent to dynes/cm) @ 25oC (298.15 K): Thermophysical Properties
of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons, Carl L. Yaw, William Andrew, Norwich,
NY, 2008, except as noted.
(5) Change in surface tension (in mJ/m2) per degree Celsius
(Kelvin). Thermophysical Properties of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons, Carl
L. Yaw, William Andrew, Norwich, NY, 2008, except as noted. NOTE — extending
this value over a temperature range beyond 10oC to 40oC
(283.15K to 313.5K) or across a change of state may result in significant error
for some liquids.
(6) Enthalpy of vaporization, kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) @ 25oC
(298.15 K): Thermophysical Properties of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons,
Carl L. Yaw, William Andrew, Norwich, NY, 2008, except as noted.
(7) MPa1/2 (equivalent to joules/cubic centimeter; 2.0455
x (cal/cc)1/2) @ 25oC (298.15 K): Hansen Solubility
Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd Edition, Charles M. Hansen, CRC Press,
Boca Raton, FL, 2007, except as noted. The total solubility parameter is the
geometric mean of the three components dD (from non-polar, or dispersion
interactions), dP (from polar attraction), and dH (from
hydrogen bonding). This data is a combination of calculated values and experimentally
confirmed values; refer to the original source for detailed information, including
notes regarding the use of group contributions vs. dipole moments for polar
contribution calculations.
(8) Cubic centimeters @ 25oC (298.15 K): Hansen Solubility
Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd Edition, Charles M. Hansen, CRC Press,
Boca Raton, FL, 2007, except as noted.
(9) Polar component calculated from group contributions.
(10) Polar component calculated from dipole moment.
(11) @ 25oC: http://www.huntsman.com/performance_products/Media/JEFFSOL_Alkylene_Carbonates_(brochure).pdf.
(12) @ 25oC: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics,
85th Edition, David R. Lide, ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2004.
(13) @ 25oC: http://www.lyondell.com/lyondell/techlit/techlit/3284.pdf.
(This data was estimated from a graph showing heat of vaporization vs. temperature.)
(14) @ 25oC: http://www.dow.com/PublishedLiterature/dh_0100/0901b80380100836.pdf?filepath=epoxy/pdfs/noreg/296-01301.pdf?fromPage=GetDoc.
(15) @ 20oC: Interfacial Forces in Aqueous Media,
2nd Edition, Carel J. Van Oss, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2006.